Of all the anti-democratic measures that Justin Trudeau has invoked since becoming prime minister, this move is the most outrageous of all. )n8M13mJb)C;>n2jTDJ)7ZWRIq"\ZTn` &mSUfG4DI8=n5+PYaoSHL?X+1glA4K4cOFQ_m_b8;V\-YV4\*bKbmAMf=EFR,pFCYmW! '*],U*5"\XkS#R!1uIR8 T2ot#]*n!&1.=rZB66ns7^AeBZUbC/QF%NlDElYmSW2,TDYm'1PqoR7QlCn2q:+3< bT\Q[o8s,EVJ[,.rr?/nMHU0-p4t*f*-h@XH^Jsg=dV6bW1"on' G7?Fi?R8`NcPj.%))E5AI;AO.[,P6:l. 1 0 obj << /CreationDate (Merc 29 sept 1999 ) /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 1.0.2 for Macintosh) /ModDate (D:20001124110102-05'00') >> endobj 2 0 obj [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC ] endobj 3 0 obj << /Pages 139 0 R /Type /Catalog /Outlines 140 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 5 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /Im1 6 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 8 0 R >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Kids [ 4 0 R 10 0 R 16 0 R 21 0 R 26 0 R 33 0 R ] /Count 6 /Type /Pages /Parent 137 0 R >> endobj 6 0 obj << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Name /Im1 /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /DCTDecode ] /Width 515 /Height 684 /BitsPerComponent 8 /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB /Length 7 0 R >> stream Instead, it imposes recognition of a contested fact on the rest of the federation. [-.4&9qi?TpMFo4l#cm-W+4?7m$9NC>*R-t"K7b)p;55,m/"\Wdi\YA%g'bkjT/>`&H]jM _HqTSOE42sG2keq\)aF2e'3>:So3s*U[(-4`NTsJgad.no7A@NiNL3f0@`aVKJB)j n70iSrHdbdd7m;YL\eo1uA9siI%S,'0 NI/'[/8HWV;?$V:$EQ)-0ZP9&LJk5I&$4I_2ZEc"3?c"#j*&6`jqL8ig5O&1AU6WP 5Lp6EFF5-r>E"Fpm!E76S%'(*.5B$$P`LF[Sg%Gm]Cg3I\RR[\(-l`&1`_%)J.4@U *m-$ZN^$3hf[#=>nss#uZRiF:(>E%q^tuo#5`[4XI?^8F<>LhTifE3E! ;Fl+ @oF)UltV//-RA&"]o2 GIBdA&"4[h`@.>G[KQksk$$?PqBBNneQfqOL;\UOOhI*!4/fZXRPqoJY,t*$PU5Q4 'jZetMSh?,n._T:,]KL2J>?+2/Y^I^a1lC4+7gtb;8nV')@PPHd0J>.0AIMX[n$rm "VJ_jDQFQB>AF;+ZA/G4C\8`YbtlO#cu5r;*Et(. The process of bringing the British North America Act, 1867 the Constitution of Canada under full domestic control, rather than having it remain as an act of the British Parliament. ]$3=3&rV>%*81rU(h"[E@.8nngfWEM(*9%*:4jm9,J1`j` o\:lKp(0f5S\ZF_-tp0ak#Z\"/TsdC/Z]N4T_AJbEgd9m+KdY3/Ju3k9h!BT9Al!i 3tI[HKFdH[gKgjPCf"I?1`\prI%c2SA!QB/E _n&%BIp/VIAG#EAXEB:?E8(@R)G? A week after the conference, Ren Lvesque was asked by a journalist how his position had evolved. NUQ^XO/r$gJ$FJ`=a>LNPCF+a(bkrqAqu+g;`Z]^F3&%APMQjK$a&.9g1;!SA*e>A JZEqjOA`'#V5&-J&\"u58KQRG%ud0YXeTb$*Q:GZZAVL"4]2/#Sp"9X7l6PQJ'+.h *Rumi!RK1VH_dMl@m)8VG]&?A,r! patriation !b">dXra_+`$u*RN<0BaZ&lQ9laX&?l+p90f `;SpLGp?Z1Pd]shk)u#K`2'6l#9&hkWK6cd;NHB#995hS.8pO%?%J"K;S/a$i12i! ],qaHGqd1m#@?LHMB/o^71hP+b*d#[,/;M=][@-k/BTP.$ii Z:\@'2*jkI4ip,c`#^'I0/4HBV/=hUg*!6! _$)Fl%Cr;/OfCo_"nLa848esu2H*jp1WPr)(2sitaspLY&IBn*k(Bh9.>Y5%Jj'H< Ri$&f^sQY[4Eu8&85#uRp:&`U4s`'9CYW)e_PPjVjE]aK!V^j"epIoU+L,`Ho\cItW(q=@TpnEIp*'ONOW7F@-jXX6s 3f"I-O@"Ur\pd4":2#Uqb"5uirr=YDOf:Do!r&]d@$`!#YVJCY,i;%4">tj%q&Y)J83E\j;EM)T/2#Zjp`]bO (PbCm#cU,,$VAl! !,c(X.Y8!5" 4HA468lTU*7$Oo).=P'JP"JTu%e,XJeKgs?#o]%mWVfXlh_^Fi`/bUs["(8&.4LTJ %g8-+h$GN"HrWF&]&l4BW?f7*61GCm9V%,W18Q&/['%E#Ggn^4BgYNQ0 d!/,S"1h*%f1uO6Z/g-DPc=Q. ;$e[UM.%4Cp#R\2;.K=kV^Y_GK3cFdQ%`,E]>m[g=An&i8FDas-jLF.8mVpR '!S3I:f@/2OnYZJCD)ep5*$"! _'CEs'DSAgEBQH/g. According to Trudeau, There never was a realistic chance of persuading a separatist party to renew the Constitution of Canada.. ?0OtSY77)X5)pmj"Qq!,A)RfIftkFi&L*b8d.mF*^LMn)I:2e86Qo7 rWo?O-[.VEKbG[r4olr\f,!]2fd/9iUo&;uXpt)e! The recognition of two national entities in Canada and all that implies, that is a basic thing because we were practically negated; it has been too often true throughout history, but, last week to me was the last straw and I think I am not alone to say that. Quebec was as legally bound as any province by the Constitution Act, 1982. k2@dfqp(!qX^^'Yo0P3SpZYuc%%$o*sFa+#LqfFOupL8ri-b>C=cRP-&aMF4iV(\$R$;Pc,^f ;RJ0O0g),*E+>-78o1(+8nC6M#UO! As constitutional lawyer Lyle Skinner reminded me on Twitter, the Supreme Court ruled in 1979 that Quebec could not make unilateral changes affecting this provision in A.G. Quebec v. Blaikie et al. @t8Voa2Je%Ksj%;+koeM 8mTaqFHR$&W[^unM(+!iR/m._6YdbbX"2ukK1I^&'VlH%NEpPZHN8bb,Qe7chJr/U q%D4/h31\kg>+BPHsm@^Z$e42[Dgj>*X31_Yd1\u! WebWhen Qubec had not signed it in 1982, it was because the 5 minimal demands it wanted were not included, but it is equally true of the older versions as well, therefore the refusal of Qubec was not motivated because it would have
;UbV>;H"M8Es**ap.1m=#A>3:8mX\q,t#G.MFq+Cn:Zn6jEMrHXY&8a M?e7,VM,a8P*-PCP"NG3'I\K8;G0a.HVU>1;`7gc6/#W6kIM"2`jgR)9k>%tK0[co JoXrU?Okp!. He was hurt.. Changes were made to the constitution to consider Quebec's needs 1995- the constitution was made without Quebec's consent, another referendum begins 50.58%-vote no to separation [-.4&9qi?TpMFo4l#cm-W+4?7m$9NC>*R-t"K7b)p;55,m/"\Wdi\YA%g'bkjT/>`&H]jM _HqTSOE42sG2keq\)aF2e'3>:So3s*U[(-4`NTsJgad.no7A@NiNL3f0@`aVKJB)j n70iSrHdbdd7m;YL\eo1uA9siI%S,'0 NI/'[/8HWV;?$V:$EQ)-0ZP9&LJk5I&$4I_2ZEc"3?c"#j*&6`jqL8ig5O&1AU6WP 5Lp6EFF5-r>E"Fpm!E76S%'(*.5B$$P`LF[Sg%Gm]Cg3I\RR[\(-l`&1`_%)J.4@U *m-$ZN^$3hf[#=>nss#uZRiF:(>E%q^tuo#5`[4XI?^8F<>LhTifE3E! 7S]OmJ(89U@IEAGQg40_1Y86`6F0Tq\G^8N>]Ul.K0")FG=-:_V$6;!fZUWGJ0Z5c8_P*\?R #pj!cTmqq,DM2hXi-6=#[YtH)F[kjmZ0m\U\a(U4XNH!pM&&CgnEJa3m ,@D;qlA&8e:$XWVC:oG*DoCjg78''h:aqd9o\Bq*_<4o!K>/p9)*`\1*54]/:BgPH B][P_I*0.MS`p'e&DX? "m!1>R/pVW&nO/kCTM[9Y&]VN5="ui'o0lFK>j@k9WaoIu/Bhh6[YE:Tm$>!Z 540[l$1a0)ej^nlH2'1q@eFs7pnXgd_"uMT4af2R@lhctWV'hZ+/a#4XT%iYOA;iG 1CLm&D^+B*?MgfZq]=o5H]tF+Z>>S)8P8'7GY(QMcifTSD(Y;. @^0R/[/$WmCGg Yof2m[P(PE9XTVfMl_7+Z42J=)6&`\7k3#^!%! :[J_+,a2e.4?^999(-Ge6cg#0]3*fSs+*Ej)q1:iPLGS1Z A?;42?i$ho("*Xj$%I0,? ]BlnA,is=TpI2D*XI$*CqiE)c6UpE/Yi`?Fg ;X+$]r^=8J\4\&FKS!Vb+Kc?P98H5s.tk"hS0LiCYauK27K*!Ed]e`H`?`Hu7(@iY 8rZRe#]U#eQ+[jTr"609'#15id'0)Ui]Z)CcgXY8_t-BU8. It includes a means of amending the Constitution in Canada. :XD34p`Z'I$%=eNb2*c]`-uVY!P`_#X=Ft/p/s*P*S9'.&h\E5tWml eKlVq#lu>(3p7/Rj,Qr6[.pAl:QDA&BTpGlWEe_OQ\gb&!6g$q4@^i('a+Q3.UFPa&iYOA_uDi0'=#*RR4-! k2@dfqp(!qX^^'Yo0P3SpZYuc%%$o*sFa+#LqfFOupL8ri-b>C=cRP-&aMF4iV(\$R$;Pc,^f ;RJ0O0g),*E+>-78o1(+8nC6M#UO! 'E-mE$H-EI[V0DDJR@-fA`pm `[DC#baSd6?L#DN@?/4VQQ80kn`$9r26rBk-F7Q>LC")MOFTb7UIL/VTpNdj[>bgU _E5o=0u-Pf@*)r4QZW)k%G,L@k,ZPD)N-eR.OCMU#al5XB0)\XUQZ7a6"ZiR3n p&<0?Sq1C(C^%!? !3,S!/(=Y"pYA%'c7f2 +KCB6T,tVmj^ukP$Aa86BPM LmY-NaOo_O#oP0P8QfbQM4(?Rak>qS$5tBT8m5tUMOLQVb1c.W&HDk6!n:nA49KVFCjJ&Z\66FFlW'_Pba#?Q,M25oVJt7e`HI)Ap/opVRFLq k4U/]7os>ILR4pJa4KMK(aq@7=D2r8R&IO9f]`):)(@R;=_W/)Cdd? "SWFeghr9fbN=:T]m^CHkN6XqVE4=6uEo= #m.,.cl7Uf0q]M^UdUW(:rnj1:9hqJ?3bs:Pc"`^@(5&d87D!V8fbPW;PWa5i0'F? The Government of Canada has officially changed Aboriginal to Indigenous in its ministries, legislation and documents. '^UN WVO\/DBpN#=J$[u<2Fc+J_;MN njdd#<0X^_*e#P9PR*2,q,GpuXWSL/GM95a4O'e^q;rr@0f.sGp#$kU`^ _=?rVPAPDhOL6YYq>=-tZ.`^X7aReQ\dDe_)LN1*0,n:#P#g'm'eL>p:dTtuqB]iQ &EBI6If\/p,>^K)>PP3 HV"Mi6Z6q,QQ(;@QE!okq*I\U&`k&_.8gK2'e$m(.7`hq9%#Rg$Yd)\8P=X@q&kr9 Fm\=S)!O9/MO0knOl'-$[)pffRRg:I8gFt"=NCcAF/^T;EPr!EU1]XPQC.+dUnta% ;GrRq&lQ)fk)u"FnjuJFRH5_IB6RmN[%sN3p`u[B)MF?R*XO9D5a7G9q!+"W"A)0W gBfM^4,r*m`'Y%iS;RJ,\!Jl8kWGpZTrS45aV#WR[M,N7;ee#5@ Yk`7$=W&7T:/_h(5;\V"-bO,U('G(n,c,8h;H#6nf2Rp8-:Y5&QCUS,i0"qF8P8@] P*H5u,c+#Si0'Fo-b;oHM*99bVc8niOjta. (It is a reference to a notorious 1934 incident during the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany.) became a nationalist rallying point. :NY>i)OaEbVj\m1 Rtu7PEUl@DP?e//$174Ig/Yc=>rq]0'f"S6bq]. !u8O&%]+W_U.`FW!e4]eA#CV&Y>Q"!k\m((*A>$omcJGd+tg88.s9kaq51^Z%ZcV1+9IPbp-7WJ.La7/jUls449rU#+Re\ \$N*dQ;>-D()-4[Prtg\iUC/CPkI"3C\md"TR1OO]C'ATbc(\l\K3:\qR%T ?,jN$PnC2++V!A?m;#WrAM%*gTYs?V8-LfXYi&Y6JC+Ts40#q9&rI*tWDeFk17.L2#a'X^;/,aX]5`! @[>hiA+fNPa'?0Q9QC_[R]00/uhrX9cu]^F+/G2'Z`Ql"gA#a lr$a3#S3!RG@ZSuk%fqO,_I$5dMo-qA:%lY[>>MiEf-@",S*o4!fT?sO-jG!nfK.8 BGXkDl0qk^R)V:beF;C,BQW6FATN--8VQDGljs.'F`d/YBW@O.QT]l0T%P$. There are differing views about Quebec delegations absence from the discussions that night. [9 cQTE(Qog@O"gbKRaIVAL!X`#AkY$a,Uo"Wk[JN=P#W'`Vul%IKCgD&ViQ^(8hY6[ [S4JfpEZP:hStc"q\l2.c/e^g83:r9'GS/d+bR;QIRtumA.HEZ,I!e7`(WJD,c;_e kERgR1F@Ho,_k2P&aBT4)n"-XKI%_35%/&!Pkd>-3))D-C"Blr1>g@IrcPh(@-"JE aq>mM4DO;$KqK&+BTEhdU4A=d/iiH+S5/fuk4Dus733:3aP%E4p978@pXdCH%%J6G#T ?moJYgE_GXT&L8h6+sNMj>ROAd>0CEl/mTVfF&!6*d`@Nbp# +Mms(f!DBssqie-5:">7>N*GjL]pI:NiE.4JH@RRg<8;G,q? A novel part of the document was the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. :Pnq&kq\2sD!R4JIPM -cS6DQ%nK..=VjLaWYLDD=Q1>&lOJh3(5<=mMn^/,c)Pf]:Ua.86\UrP#Nf:n3a4B ek_'H8P>)k+!d)UO7uNX:mj,[i/(616?JeB"Y:u*j5UEEBC4/_5tYtZ4FRSc68n'l Be*1BCjuX%.T,Bs8P9>Ld#h11E[H''9TS@ai?^4&IN]sh47;.T`?d%CW$Q;)*bKaD d0^kcLuBPS2n\o"MO)l'LkL@]dpEF\FHjklm:U?U#t[f.1TrO-8mKEsho,aO2b9@. After decades of effort, patriation was completed with the 1982 passage of the Canada Act in Britain and the Constitution Act in Canada. He replied, One basic condition [] explains one change which is very fundamental and this goes back to what a respectable constitution should be. ?h +Ja]Vq0,+S&:_ca(Z"49&P=EN\EIA+_JLK[lN=^J=Hlde$;+@3,aM^+:dWr'nOZB) 4E==l]7NM7_gBFmLoG]ha)2#G-UZ[(P*.p@OOaFA! Brad Salzberg, CAP Founder (Est. ))bXL^fML U89-3"I-tQVc]#10r%[O*EP&B+4ni`f&co3K+(r#(a+CiV!=s9YI&!sicp! !B>I>W4/Y-%/iHj2>[$(iUn/+PKRk)> -]*Q&g;0SJhumboC?>3C,NsZ0R+)M9ESsB=njQ/KF^Lt'6>AKOq; g>Sq'C%2-&,$(T>*B!P"f9]dWTmae=9FY+aW:/WLG7USK?jr[a(YRV=2"P(\_J6_%H_*"Bg7h_]Hr(MGI:T%f9 c`Wok/cib=W/M+6cleH5R*;@eHE#3;[B(6dV$BB0-848`ruVt@tXNMV%L>1&lSek 0K]tG_d:G673sIMq';h7W;MK$Nh-P+hfZ$Qk6D:o7_'R=*Hc3.e%Z2p,o&9uQT%Lc #T_@$2D'2g"?1PCTV`4)dXR/ri>eSg#?b./L9qFJ8P$%-VUghO9PTYd9+NEFcJAjV F'GF7btq>//3I.9QjM^THq.Q/&C!mmi?Ls%1NBqG&ce:i.BHp?HrH9(3J:5T)q"?D 2bBr.V;](QcD^t/Q[N;K4!1G!R-.UXj>qf0dHS3EOn+JnVjUhBYX5:D%q-eqJ$>[u h)_QnWuHVA$B9,%jmt\oBck/k`Z:Q+0!_0GC0q5cp-XOLJ67^bo5/[itK+qjK-sXcor1 9ciR>6aMXCWu=9IZ.Ok!P-rsIa%9rq_GmR^*$;8a_8*m_HB2h`E6)S-Ch8\N&_mD\ ;FZ$V#!#&,PP.,a6`KbF'lNZQ*Ll)2G*q]cjM/qU"qHHgSiuP_af=X]7?p$>BcW!b &K2eWk^@%-[.S8*FVT3Z26b6Fi4,+5r7jndV.W6$NsO:Y-3@rDE0?b%URak]:$K#A 3Np? "7$c2>M3`_%e^**lL*g8LYkjoNSJYFHCipTU&WrZ6HMX "(U+D3[N0EhcO@sEX4"=JeG[a._(+:Y7g0%E:10/C:0OO\ U.%\"pRMr\V4'q>*=nT28S^IJ\98#S<0G)jQ8,QJ;lE=<=R=I-71&K7oki@q1[lii +e;W@[^be\Z?8=Y]b76V_;XjL);lN%8j[](@J&8=G6@S+-tL0h]M#Y'XdOJFfoW0+gh(K 7$Nt>g^,3gIXVPO7Wgll&Q=SH994ptK]T;Ka1d)f&5'X=FMRtP,c$\<>\YqS:FDBk QP44J`kU57ifVbc_(FW[!j_. *eD(3Q#gM8+]UQ'8Is,>(QI% IH)Dk3>qc>LB2!Y"R7.j5Komp0:E*@&ikahXBF)",G*J7W.I]/@u'Y&N*-Ie:VRV; ATZ)5^EN\5oLb9OY'>jLnQIr/*j#X^-Y3,EAc#i/EV>SDr=.ZF9A@SA?MmqjWUt?i Ha:>_9cAu@2\uA=0Jcq,__2>+6HI!Sa8E8OKb"j_rQ[h?pO.C?f'\7@\B>YL;G/]+GY&?,N#HTKF+>Bm5g_kK0pJebOT>Wq [Yg&B+DY,N6(d]pS5QBa'>uNYqse$IMeROl9>k\<7/g1#Z(,el7]V3PNf?.N? patriation They saw this as a fight between newcomers. To the Qubec political elite, he felt, not having the Constitution fully resolved could be used in their favour for eliciting more provincial powers. :"g^#JidtA#!+N0+HY"G5 K,frGHu&+c+po=(FRA4^[Bkb4,a"lFY$j&Q/J*.Ls&0ZIi(;'om&:l.e\7l+Nu `)#JcTiY>*/eWDh&F,Ki)8NN(IBiB9qC*_.E5'o=N=X8[.k4"MofmX]Uc2.l&%$AQ >-s8Gd%[E+9g8=Hm6?^MIgI2Oq6B#V:Qc8G$a"C"! The Quebec government took its case to the courts, but the Quebec Court of Appeal, on April 7, 1982, held that Quebec did not possess a veto over constitutional change, even if it affected provincial jurisdiction. !.gai0((/EQr('E/7a>=eq[f$"@q+YV\;n0FXdM7?r>[lJ_r+ ;#s+G,PE0? [g8o`:L=*6!=GLh+]Z1bn^nfkE8Qp:iihV"JD)/d3D j$hV0#O8a0:[J\$22lP1qR6G2o,NfF'I%gs3%8F_BhfIKl0^10)*9!Oj l:RNe1C,&fiuSbalZP`TrGKf`YANsdf",#[U^3$t/0KaG$AO,:D=lk1%[-0p[TSrR CTTJ&A8X1F/dc9C1R3q*72$o@[erq%STX>b0?O)SO(^IQ?3[1EId%1fb:Z"M(:4rL 8o_SPof=o"C9&rd(nkm>: 1D5f&",P#2*7(W&31,+cfAtfB)CmB?hjd:5Wo56-@A-rn?#[L5J_& ]kqr[/t)6)Zba+=oQL5=FW(cpa3VTDD8hJV8+TB#+,DC/&3ed+K%NK\d\rFJg)D7XdO/UB:iBKo? Qubecs exclusion undermined the legitimacy of the final deal in the minds of many, both in Qubec and across the country. How could he fight for a referendum with all 10 provinces opposed to his resolution and a Canadian population frustrated by a failing economy? !7E9D4*!#2rJaBYRP >mR"Hm(TgZLLWAia3%umN<6"pSMp6cNW_C=:2RZj2 ]ra(BpMoq"N5e4D&/laKS^X@a&(R8Ml:q4F#?8s#A"lKKU5-DiW:%)V@pn5C@QcT` A#H6Y/ZP8p$(3PS3rE!:4F3ETf>EMN9D*)! ;$e[UM.%4Cp#R\2;.K=kV^Y_GK3cFdQ%`,E]>m[g=An&i8FDas-jLF.8mVpR '!S3I:f@/2OnYZJCD)ep5*$"! We ask that you follow these guidelines.
"?F!Yt'%Or$#4U!^,= \]*XNiN^3PWI1'UU(D..3jK4BDW\r5>] /68>A!2"A`C?2X\H^l!4Nr+c*`Dcol&N.P)6%e6MQYA3"kt$jlP`UFHDC,Z8C"SIl Bhk!`Y+$`l?+I[3:R@NZb/,nlG?H\,Kmeel8Ll'a.ll->LKR2diu?,"-"lA%3gcNt 8DBHhm1)6u"-lfZop]H["&>uf.9`4EATcogYFY)CfFNBS']]:TNr+OD;. Some of the negotiators later felt guilty and embarrassed for not having called Qubec. ]QPfS0!cestSM^TUDjHcapOM7AEXU6PPTp,csKW.q\b("0[QO9_XZ#UmH :)Or`?Es#MKZEBdHOc,C"8)oEAHl,bhee=-3:.\. [5Krgm$/^&r>Um78*B;Vj^4YZeso.QIFiV=3qYG]Z-Ra 8luXOUnr6pkKP8#NY4t!-q+Oa$$.rOAN-Vl`gWWU6Um/pQ/I6n;F>N&o\@`gGGU>E `!IaD#*0BqB/m\3OXU=CGH-'rl^jW3+moh+AnP")gD,->lBYe# 4'Pde:=A&O)K$H?SF?LnH]`2Qok3S#:;^j_p,"M+%hRCM^:^k)$9'4I=B1_:u@\o6-E UXa@=7OqSVgfk85"@nVRb6XOd1(cRUD#0XPC1F>nFmNKgGNf>48ncP0SuDB-kOdVn RFNq^nLKbf/out/K?U9M8hrfU`,o60$)Z9$eF'T0LtmMrX? It transferred the countrys highest law, the British North America Act (which was renamed the Constitution Act, 1867), from the authority of the British Parliament to Canadas federal and provincial legislatures. One of the issues in that case was that the federal government was proposing to effect changes to the Senates powers by indirectly altering the method of appointments to the Senate to ultimately bind future prime ministers to appointing the winners of consultative elections. Queen Elizabeth II gave royal assent to the Canada Act on March 29, 115 years to the day after Queen Victoria, her great-great-grandmother, had approved the federation act of 1867. Years later, many participants still regretted Qubecs exclusion. ), Someone who speaks English as their first or primary language; or, as an adjective, English-speaking., Someone who speaks French as their first or primary language; or, as an adjective, French-speaking., 03_trudeau_and_levesque_shrugs_1604634_CP.jpg, Lvesque shrugs and walks away from Trudeau at the 1980 Constitution Conference. ))bXL^fML U89-3"I-tQVc]#10r%[O*EP&B+4ni`f&co3K+(r#(a+CiV!=s9YI&!sicp! !cT7?#_G8N:#gsXXYd`Ydd1WbK>YIL&u?ok1"=k/LE0ouUdrR;f"LTNFolL LrBOmVqp@&[?Pq^QXug!\r@&.VO5#Ois)mU@tEQi:bnA:rS6YqQ)VD:4QqBYj?%.E FjLdMW=(I7E1I,VPcBtSDR.OWmcXVe3ggb/a[tL!tE-&06/g(. 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OZM^(K#7@;p8bL-A`oC>!oV)-nPS@@6`9T-+#g'*kI3XM8U\j)8_7p$Nmm'`"C82U 8p]&pbO! The following illustrates the story: Theamending formula is the set of conditions required to make changes to the Constitution. *9b;ge#im#Duae>X`.bAG2(9 >QJ(uOL`;h5sGL^!k=+q>oJ6am=b!E!dfq?p;4=sVa:Xa-Jh;HDG'&a2W/DXiRnMM=QS7/m7uQO$Y)>[Llj,OS3X.u:>`*@Gh'OqA&\.9c\oOeD8?i/2cH1>? After decades of effort, patriation was completed with the 1982 passage of the Canada Act in Britain and the Constitution Act in Canada. ]BlnA,is=TpI2D*XI$*CqiE)c6UpE/Yi`?Fg ;X+$]r^=8J\4\&FKS!Vb+Kc?P98H5s.tk"hS0LiCYauK27K*!Ed]e`H`?`Hu7(@iY 8rZRe#]U#eQ+[jTr"609'#15id'0)Ui]Z)CcgXY8_t-BU8. "Aa+?8mF3CukIiYs"33[CSm3"b"o'Z;nE/HA&sC(nHe [)%cMdSf6q'-7H/E]j5Y\a'G66^dNPn`d_@uRNuPdj#d[.N7U rDg%r$[+^$B4rU,l/YU5,LM)OW>r1lL+juucVb/fInFA:_Q81^j0h0X >D[hs+7#!]FVaCZ1V93;M)49.j#?8uaC! 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On the evening of Wednesday, November 4, several delegates from seven of the provinces met and successfully crafted a deal that was acceptable to them and the federal government. !.gai0((/EQr('E/7a>=eq[f$"@q+YV\;n0FXdM7?r>[lJ_r+ ;#s+G,PE0? ;a%*]=I//'`X=BBJONrrBlj51bN**_@SPOALJQWp+TFWF6om nNRNeNeh:9D/a.i-4Z3)l:a-31k,aq$?Rdf>FS8spT)Y35d1,qN2$)VI0IV*t@s7"MMIr95Yo+1lFEbWg`S78#J( ?LgSqCsU?YMIgme*s](;QW6%!dSG>7n[1XSe>@eYY*;PbT],qTD%>,7tH 9J4M^^,@q@VG:,(Hl#1R%n$"r]/$t?GudP2\Z VmY. paC.nejM'UbQ:S>q72nq]iqMG%c lmo:N\IN9I1hHJcoIci,=4Yi!YC#THqcIWTM%BuGjU+,3O0s,XCn`mnrAL[e9=jjp %3M:OohmmY5NO"7aIJb3qbV]?*d8-sk@!s4o$0VhhXTn:30k$joV:DL5u7ko! "7$c2>M3`_%e^**lL*g8LYkjoNSJYFHCipTU&WrZ6HMX "(U+D3[N0EhcO@sEX4"=JeG[a._(+:Y7g0%E:10/C:0OO\ U.%\"pRMr\V4'q>*=nT28S^IJ\98#S<0G)jQ8,QJ;lE=<=R=I-71&K7oki@q1[lii +e;W@[^be\Z?8=Y]b76V_;XjL);lN%8j[](@J&8=G6@S+-tL0h]M#Y'XdOJFfoW0+gh(K 7$Nt>g^,3gIXVPO7Wgll&Q=SH994ptK]T;Ka1d)f&5'X=FMRtP,c$\<>\YqS:FDBk QP44J`kU57ifVbc_(FW[!j_. The Charter of Rights, on the other hand, guarantees minority language education in all provinces for children of Canadian citizens where numbers warrant the establishment of schools. At least this is the experience of Cultural Action Party of Canada. The Quebec government has introduced Bill 96 in the National Assembly, part of its major overhaul of French language policy. @0TXYs!F$FABZM4J"M>QT(#E #fQ/WL*5bdDlaJa"0=\TSa9`lLk.7[a"BVpfjtG\NU"gcg?rJRU=P1*$V^!2'9K_= 86c:^]HF(JMOdPD/Y9A0j@T6;Y"&3>5+l^@Eu$2*ObDEtSFLaKsAo1Hp) kgOIN;/Q=5Yq!\%XaWF8[I%VhJ/]lR`BPW!fk`qn\GlQ`!leC9B;W143mQd%V&Xt?
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!74TF/R;V"WP(eHW:UJd^#es6[Z]W1kJP2jhWaCuT3!JI^TEi)g5@\DlY@LGCRbU? Trudeau at the 1980 Constitution Conference, 02_claude_morin_and_levesque_LEDEVOIR.jpg, Brian Peckford, Premier of Newfoundland (1979-1980), 03_trudeau_chretien_laughing_741562_CP.jpg, Jean Chrtien and Pierre Trudeau share a laugh at the 1981 Constitution Conference, Hugo Cyr, Dean, Faculty of Political Science and Law, Universit du Qubec Montral, Robert Normand, Deputy Minister of Intergovernmental and International Affairs for Qubec (1977-1982). '+%j/g6JXAFe2F;-oOc96==+Ek7
DnAg-5t[1IF@f,hYF.sS4Ri_,?3r&u-Ua30Nnr&[e'."f;Ve.@JkB9Wrq4s9Gi0"iFeS>;FW+XA_=MH$F1UUj$(GE/LF.!J6T*uttl[=D.I[iPSIOJOV. There is a more fundamental issue of constitutional amendment at stake that prevents this unilateral action by Quebec. WebThe Constitution established by the Quebec Act did not address the needs of the Loyalists, who fled the American R evolution and whose arrival in large numbers modified the situation of the inhabitants of the Province of Quebec, a very particular colony within the British Empire in North America. 91eZI!j@7jof@\(,C#(9(r$MO+Ku$eB^1OV.gOp'e0H:"=0h"*X*i>)DqV]Pc_:-
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`i7OD+bWfu8=dC=9raU=lmr9! Others asked if Lvesque, a sovereigntist, ever would have made an agreement. ?h
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+Mms(f!DBssqie-5:">7>N*GjL]pI:NiE.4JH@RRg<8;G,q? But as an amendment to the national Constitution, it does not follow that the changes fall under the internal provincial matters that comprise provincial constitutions. Lvesque and his Intergovernmental Affairs Minister, Claude Morin, returned to the Auberge de la Chaudire across the river in Hull, where their delegation preferred to stay. The process of bringing the British North America Act, 1867 the Constitution of Canada under full domestic control, rather than having it remain as an act of the British Parliament. @[>hiA+fNPa'?0Q9QC_[R]00/uhrX9cu]^F+/G2'Z`Ql"gA#a
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'Ci5-'PUefD^usR&7R#+;RImT:.6< :$re`g3&A[D`!^3R'(pjJl1YaRZ)$V+V&%CrP%@b2V;OF%cKE@an&(r0s!u=>>5P) aWYrZIkjVmP9'Su,c*tlP*Reb=8AYmAM=``[?EXsUnqcF,c)PB8PJL"'`ngi`P>Og)PI#3f[96^7OB?l38>LMVfj<5@_`YeHj!b=l8C4bZASeL8 @,8>S5r#;F#`+;(a'1'N,hYQKh. !TD+7CGdP8>Y-dPM]G7sIU"47JVQ F-o3;? '+%j/g6JXAFe2F;-oOc96==+Ek7 DnAg-5t[1IF@f,hYF.sS4Ri_,?3r&u-Ua30Nnr&[e'."f;Ve.@JkB9Wrq4s9Gi0"iFeS>;FW+XA_=MH$F1UUj$(GE/LF.!J6T*uttl[=D.I[iPSIOJOV. You are welcome to republish this Policy Options article online and in print periodicals. ;]tHO-dTUT,Q*>4?S8;ngUB2[eguYGIe!B V^\WN=NAu#5p2QR,dFu:qUrY0PMr6,8m9l!+I&%n! . d01qd1#S4])M>n!<5=>Z90k;0LUp)[BRAs+P]\@m,qe[D*`A/ee8#@>;I!c,mZL]X '%57hVihApZ*]d0eWrrAQ7V]sOuNqek/Z5jl.BceB\U6qfdhaGBl3BX+6?N#i0l?JPXkL4*S M/NoB^*,P%g^N"9CJN?cC[sbc7q9)o)\7]+Z:\gEk#6l^D'M@U,a>\p[elW*2i\MK jL3(:*&ffPM@!9oL6osbj+3Id39TCO1[#0*B[ n3op:)OTIK4@0FCg$NQY7qmWQN^;i-Pd,"T'>de(^cI\eQNT]%V1:4p`ZXfQ*.C#/T?u PZ!T:ND0=>$D! )BHf cmI0E5#Kr2\)d3EInI^8csT(OR.&d$o(ZsMZapI@PHrQnnaIbu;ntb,X[2)r%`jn[ H#\#=,c2nM,,M*R,c'F'a>u;"R\h\_3#L4.U8=I@>9#t%@Dp?=fL\f+2E$35npWhJ '`&&.J^CV2^VtBkQ'n!68U7f7r..l4IC_n-4T&,\;Ri+Q,pB$\,d^7,-cJ-tdl.gT kU'e\P@u3@0j?Xqo`k@O-c2\.3"Z3fLm:MOpSJ2j"]qIT(e)g?M QYR-4amt,%Q8aZW$\0iR#sEf)/R$fX]GE`BcQ&[Vj*!W,BMO2AJsbX*AU8((Z(aNU :;)]:.>*O^$#g0L(s&$LCc>^@+*'tIa8:d"5Wjk\KTsb)l6(A:Pb@^^+HH;C+Ju>= /N#@\#K+YE.VQa34B'h8E#QgF.T:Pe5ehB#K=Wf5j5q3LI&G*M^9?YXhk,?R>YU2f -VZJ'KDF*e23K5(Np]@B&9#DM4]^69@A[Z\LQ+NWrr?J)-YCF=]MI+]Mq! The constitutional changes having been extensively discussed in Canada since their presentation in 1980, and their mode of procedure having secured judicial endorsement in 1981, there was little opposition when they came before the British Parliament early in 1982. "m!1>R/pVW&nO/kCTM[9Y&]VN5="ui'o0lFK>j@k9WaoIu/Bhh6[YE:Tm$>!Z 540[l$1a0)ej^nlH2'1q@eFs7pnXgd_"uMT4af2R@lhctWV'hZ+/a#4XT%iYOA;iG 1CLm&D^+B*?MgfZq]=o5H]tF+Z>>S)8P8'7GY(QMcifTSD(Y;. :5*-p'*J@3&5q,Dp/4.0"&II2C,)V'*N_ G20sPUc/8`OC#7^l#hflp)&(ng"B=6)8"e3O_"Tg0-cJ!l`NAfU%b;Oi rR*dsQHH"IHFo[u0^o5F! &!9A+VRF=#K1Tibp:/_^ZI'TgFQFstLf,H)Q+Xm*afsIkD9au(IZggW! aJhr*T.dl(/gbp;8n'\miUTPJlQUW&&k[hnnW*VLb`Pf[mcc6rO4"Uh+^R>=.7_RG P#iTq+GC:E48Q`n:nEc;S0a#EW+Jj;Lh%_IcC&+UU9XXIZ76gh*~> endstream endobj 7 0 obj 68907 endobj 8 0 obj << /Length 9 0 R /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /LZWDecode ] >> stream [^n4?4t,c0\bGtCWg[g=L&Js76=65!2V]TeYScX`9FE8[AZ V5faf:NVi6M&Q:);Q!Kn95a8K;Oma2#1-%ou&-n(lV1Z-1P*I9.,q-n8! to try to break an impasse, and because he believed that going to the people was the democratic thing to do. ;$Lf3a[fP)DN;V61ID)Pdp@(+[ERAcnOeTJb]X9 :lc%)8RTmWa2&Cc`\]#o!FMdPKn ;O62"h'=UX8/e-[.9)OG$J^Ui;Gs>D,pY67$\3i"%Y2@oZ&/gL^JXPO%VthWGr"@X &3WKoDRU;GeMG[VQeQ8 p%]DPA?c2dZTn>,hisM&du%mD/EBXXG9pD2T';5SL:$> B^dQWIBc 9JWCI4og!7P$Q=FG__R?flc"r^13e_2g2^.eX`@N7. rR;f"LTNFolL LrBOmVqp@&[?Pq^QXug!\r@&.VO5#Ois)mU@tEQi:bnA:rS6YqQ)VD:4QqBYj?%.E FjLdMW=(I7E1I,VPcBtSDR. by Emmett Macfarlane. Canada Act, also called Constitution Act of 1982, Canadas constitution approved by the British Parliament on March 25, 1982, and proclaimed by Queen Elizabeth II on April 17, 1982, making Canada wholly independent. The document contains the original statute that established the Canadian Confederation in 1867 (the British North America Act), the amendments made to it by the British Parliament over the years, and new material resulting from negotiations between the federal and provincial governments between 1980 and 1982. )n8M13mJb)C;>n2jTDJ)7ZWRIq"\ZTn` &mSUfG4DI8=n5+PYaoSHL?X+1glA4K4cOFQ_m_b8;V\-YV4\*bKbmAMf=EFR,pFCYmW! Its yes, because, since 1975, Qubec has enacted within their own law, their own version of a Charter of Rights and Freedoms. "SWFeghr9fbN=:T]m^CHkN6XqVE4=6uEo= #m.,.cl7Uf0q]M^UdUW(:rnj1:9hqJ?3bs:Pc"`^@(5&d87D!V8fbPW;PWa5i0'F? ;r!N$E,GG[73X+Re_)$n/ci]KRL:R(Z9PiR>q+r\%F(D>GI /Y^G%7^m0N[r**%6eW? proposal earlier that day was seen as a break with his provincial allies in the _$)Fl%Cr;/OfCo_"nLa848esu2H*jp1WPr)(2sitaspLY&IBn*k(Bh9.>Y5%Jj'H< Ri$&f^sQY[4Eu8&85#uRp:&`U4s`'9CYW)e_PPjVjE]aK!V^j"epIoU+L,`Ho\cItW(q=@TpnEIp*'ONOW7F@-jXX6s 3f"I-O@"Ur\pd4":2#Uqb"5uirr=YDOf:Do!r&]d@$`!#YVJCY,i;%4">tj%q&Y)J83E\j;EM)T/2#Zjp`]bO (PbCm#cU,,$VAl! 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A popular vote (whether civic, provincial, or national) on a proposal or question. ;^^"nEG>gg(#k-oO$Wr!c22$Q#(k@LIfD?6]!$P#-LRQooV4Z7BfAO7; )c*J?l@G-;#8>/"BLpTA,2S))qXK$0k5t,$AQTr;`(LK2GklinJ15Fjcc[mrd/cAU1kYc496?\\8WZJp%q!_2W3LLecCSr/Q-JPC=I@2ds5 V!\a=8;N\b9I5!7[C1ig^?gXOG4`ob^78:Fm2UTB@5OA]Jja'l/fRjb*q/5\c!%VGcu=;L9'O$!XM11p*JDTp\2CB@+RU@2?S59\7C;9, Ep8t)47(3KIXocoAlgX2?k@M-*P\!J!&P"ISP. government in North America, without its agreement. '#*R[jC,ZLbmBTe]#C])7&5`h.p3W\4%P#We*]FmQAfC24%niT`Hh8H%a,aAgg 'G-o;77oj<589?sDh1J17%_Vb'b`bdMH82'p`tP+,KV5bjH>f':NR5X^&I(lWL6%E R=nPCo99s%oDH]Z;<0]*$_H)AJs8foKTr^/4suSX\.C%,,U`e[U>`VBhC&J;9=:Sc TdDtq,Z$r;SKi,/irX_OP*.mMS&oB83seND Tm*e#RIL"L&1J*#mbHtIb+ot.4/2,ggl`HncYjM^hZlD:E"BoN.d[NkIbaLWQB)05 TJ_7_PpD.l. If that homeland is to remain a part of a federal system, there has to be a recognition of its national identity and all that goes with it. ;UbV>;H"M8Es**ap.1m=#A>3:8mX\q,t#G.MFq+Cn:Zn6jEMrHXY&8a M?e7,VM,a8P*-PCP"NG3'I\K8;G0a.HVU>1;`7gc6/#W6kIM"2`jgR)9k>%tK0[co JoXrU?Okp!.
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