suture passage technique. The long head of biceps brachii tendon has been known to be a pain generator and a common cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction in patients with rotator cuff pathology. Biceps tenotomy is primarily considered for failed SLAP repair in less active individuals, generally age 65 years or older, who are not concerned about potential cosmesis or functional limitations. 
Imaging Revision procedures after primary SLAP repair generally do poorly, particularly in overhead athletes. In these cases, the tenodesis screw was intact. Patients presenting with failed SLAP repair may also exhibit pain with traditional biceps provocation maneuvers including the Speed and Yergason tests. described an 87% satisfaction rate in patients who underwent an arthroscopic biceps tenotomy in the setting of a massive irreparable rotator cuff tear. (2010) found that those with successful nonoperative treatment had significant improvements in pain, function, and quality of life.
The patients shoulder is then moved to a position of maximum external rotation, and the downward force is repeated. and transmitted securely. Is It (Finally) Time to Stop Calling COVID a Pandemic? Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. This study examines the clinical outcomes of patients who have undergone a revision biceps tenodesis. Treatment options for failed SLAP repair include: (1) nonoperative management, including physical therapy and strengthening programs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, and activity modification; (2) Operative management, including SLAP debridement, revision SLAP repair, biceps tenodesis with or without revision SLAP repair, and biceps tenotomy. Epub 2021 May 21. Bruising at the elbow is also common. Twenty-two (88%) patients reported high satisfaction and stated they would have this revision surgery again. [12] Although the primary complication of biceps tenotomy has been considered to be a cosmetic deformity of the arm (Popeye deformity), rates of persistent biceps pain and cramping after tenotomy have been reported to range from 3 to 38%. WebA diagnosis of biceps tendon rupture was made based on a clinical history of a popping sensation, cramping, and weakness with elbow flexion, evaluation for gross deformity of The site is secure.
The second function of the biceps brachii is to flex (bend) the elbow. The current study demonstrates high patient satisfaction (88%) and significant improvement in functional outcomes with revision biceps tenodesis, a mini-open subpectoral technique, after previous failed tenodesis or tenotomy. Pain is severe at first, but may subside after a week or two. Soft tissue procedures. This type of surgical repair can either be a stand-alone procedure or part of a larger shoulder surgery. The purpose of this article is to report on clinical outcomes after revision biceps tenodesis. The long head of the biceps, which is a stabilizer of the shoulder joint, is found within these muscles. In this case, the LHBT is cut arthroscopically at the biceps labral junction and not reattached. I've been limited to ball squeezes and some wrist motion. return false; 50.6). With an open hole procedure, the surgeon moves the biceps tendon. windowOpen.close(); Failed SLAP repairs can be defined as postoperative pain and/or stiffness (not associated with concomitant pathology) that does not resolve with nonsurgical measures. (b) Pre- and postoperative Simple Shoulder Test (SST) score comparison. Jayamoorthy T, Field JR, Costi JJ, Martin DK, Stanley RM, Hearn TC. [2531] In the revision setting, conversion to a subpectoral tenodesis eliminates the biceps tendon as a proximal pain generator, which ensures that proximal intertubercular pain that persists is likely to be not biceps related. Nonoperative Management appropriate medical assistance immediately. Clinical and sonographic evaluation of subpectoral biceps tenodesis with a dual suture anchor technique demonstrates improved outcomes and a low failure rate at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Patient History For instance, a clinician may provide a. diagnostic and potentially therapeutic injection in the subacromial space in one visit, then one in the glenohumeral joint in a subsequent visit, and another in the acromioclavicular joint during another visit. The slot on the guide allows for the use of swaged-on needles loaded with 1.3-mm suture tapes (2 minutes 49 seconds to 3 minutes 2 seconds). WebOther signs that you may have torn a biceps tendon can include: Sharp pain at the shoulder or elbow. _stq = window._stq || []; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Biceps tendinopathy can arise from various causes, including chronic tendinitis, acute A tendon attaches muscle to bone. In this case, the LHBT is cut arthroscopically at the biceps labral junction and not reattached. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. Eight (38%) patients had filed worker's compensation claims at the time of surgery. The overall complication rate was 48%, with half of these reporting pain of >3 on a scale of 10 and 4% of patients requiring additional surgeries. Subpectoral tenodesis may be a preferred Concurrently, with the revision biceps procedure, a total of 12 (57.1%) had a subacromial decompression, 9 (42.9%) had distal clavicle resections, 3 (14.1%) had rotator cuff repairs, 4 (19.0%) had capsular releases, and 1 patient had a latissimus dorsi transfer. Five patients were considered failures with a UCLA score below 27. WebEnter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Radiopaque implants and areas of radiolucency that may indicate the location of radiolucent implants should be evaluated, as these areas of prior fixation could also contribute to the patients pain. Well it didn't look very different so I was immediately crestfallen. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. window.WPCOM_sharing_counts = {"https:\/\/musculoskeletalkey.com\/failed-slap-tear-diagnosis-and-management\/":420662}; (B) The patients shoulder is then moved to a position of maximum external rotation, and the downward force is repeated. Arthroscopic transfer of the long head biceps to the conjoint tendon. If magnetic resonance imaging is not an option, for example in patients with a pacemaker, certain types of vascular clips, or other loose metal debris, CT arthrography may be the next best imaging modality, although with increased radiation exposure (Fig. . Corticosteroids, which can delay healing and cover up symptoms, Quick, sharp pain in the arm, with or without a popping sound, Using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like ibuprofen and acetaminophen. We could not identify any existing literature regarding outcomes of revision biceps tenodesis; consequently, we are unable to compare these results. Eliminate pain medication as quickly as possible. Biceps tenotomy is primarily considered for failed SLAP repair in less active individuals, generally age 65 years or older, who are not concerned about potential cosmesis or functional limitations. Return to sports for this group was comparable to patients with successful surgical treatment. (BG, bicipital groove; BS, biceps tendon stump; HH, humeral head.) Identification of LHB pathology may be difficult to diagnose as it is often accompanied by other shoulder pathologies such as impingement, rotator cuff tears, labral tears, and glenohumeral arthritis. FIG. Patient does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. There are several etiological factors that lead to failed SLAPrepair including overconstraint, inadequate labral blood supply for labrum healing, improper postoperative mobilization protocols, and possible overtreatment. View Large Image Download Hi-res image Surgical options include SLAP debridement, revision SLAP repair, and biceps tenotomy versus tenodesis. The nature of our follow-up (average follow-up 33.4 23.5 months) is relatively short term. Although it is appropriate to pursue nonsurgical measures before pursuing surgical options, Katz etal. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted However, rotator cuff injuries are common in younger people as well, especially athletes. Primary indications for a revision biceps tenodesis were pain due to persistent biceps pathology in 14 (66.6%) patients and biceps rupture in 7 (33.3%) patients. [2] Rates of mechanical failure after tenodesis have been reported to range from 2 to 6%. Wittstein JR, Queen R, Abbey A, Toth A, Moorman CT., III Isokinetic strength, endurance, and subjective outcomes after biceps tenotomy versus tenodesis: a postoperative study. Plain radiographs (AP, axillary lateral and outlet views) should be obtained in order to assess for osseous abnormalities of the shoulder including degenerative changes, fractures, loose bodies, calcific tendinosis, and any other pathologic process that may cause the patients pain. Preoperative data included SANE, SST, ASES, SF-12, and VAS scores. Type III lesions are characterized by a bucket handle tear of the superior labrum, but the biceps tendon and labral rim attachment remain intact. Common symptoms of a SLAP tear include: dull or aching pain in the shoulder, especially while lifting over the head. All rights reserved. Recent studies have pointed out the close correlation between LHBT lesions and rotator cuff (RCT) tears. Fixation occurs at an area not typically affected by pathology. doi: 10.1016/j.eats.2021.12.029. [4,8,11,13,14,16,18,2224] Benefits of the open subpectoral approach include full visualization of the biceps tendon and excision of the diseased proximal biceps tendon. The .gov means its official. _stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '125225488', '420662' ]); Matthew T.Provencher,Daniel B.Haber,Liam A.Peebles,Brendin R.Beaulieu-Jones,and PetarGolijanin, Only gold members can continue reading. The average age was 44.4 14.3 years, and the surgical indications included failure of index suprapectoral biceps tenodesis (56%), subpectoral biceps tenodesis (36%), and patient dissatisfaction after tenotomy (8%). A two-tailed unpaired sample t test was conducted to evaluate whether patients who underwent revision due to biceps rupture differed in clinical outcomes from those who underwent revision due to tendinitis. Alternatively, it can be considered for middle-aged patients who are opposed to LHBT tenotomy or tenodesis. Given the complexity of making a diagnosis of failed SLAP repair on exam, differential corticosteroid and/or local anesthetic injections may also be a useful adjunct in the diagnostic workup. What Symptoms May Lead to a Biceps Tenodesis? A positivetest is indicated by pain in the anterior shoulder or a palpable click in the same region (Fig. Although patients generally have better outcomes with operative intervention compared to nonoperative, 32% will continue to have a suboptimal result. Three of the most common sources of postoperative stiffness, pain, and mechanical symptoms include: unintentional restriction of physiological biceps excursion, nonanatomic biceps anchor reduction, and failure of the labrum to heal to the superior glenoid. WebIn recent years, biceps tenodesis has been proposed as an alternative to repair for SLAP tears, particularly in older patients.24,44 For obvious reasons, however, there has been some trepida-tion about performing biceps tenodesis in throwing athletes. Alternatively, it can be considered for middle-aged patients who are opposed to LHBT tenotomy or tenodesis. There are several etiological factors that lead to failed SLAPrepair including overconstraint, inadequate labral blood supply for labrum healing, improper postoperative mobilization protocols, and possible overtreatment. All clinical outcome measures demonstrated statistically highly significant improvement (P 0.005) when compared with preoperative scores, except for the MCS-12 score. Mayo Clinic: Rotator Cuff Injury. The patients hands are placed on the hips with the thumbs positioned posteriorly. 50.4The anterior slide test to help identify superior labral pathology. SOURCES:Injury: Prospective Outcome Analysis Following Tenodesis of The Long Head of the Biceps Tendon Along with Locking Plate Osteosynthesis for Proximal Humerus Fractures.Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery: Biceps Tenodesis: a Biomechanical Study of Fixation Methods." WebMethods: During a 5-year period, 11 patients with a mean age of 43.3 years (range, 33-56 years) presented with symptoms of biceps cramping with activity (100%), deformity (100%), or pain (36%) at a mean of 8 months (range, 0.5-22 months) from a tenotomy (6 of 11) or an auto-rupture (5 of 11). In this case, the surgeon gently debrides the superior labrums frayed edges. Complete follow-up examinations were performed in 15 of 21 patients (71.4%). Biceps tenotomy and tenodesis are effective treatment options for biceps pathology, but outcomes of revision surgery are not known. Revision SLAP repair should be considered in young, active patients less than 35 years old with isolated type 2 SLAP tear findings. Treatment for Pagets disease depends on the type. Mechanical strength of four different biceps tenodesis techniques. One suture limb was then passed through an interference screw (8 12 mm polyetheretherketone tenodesis screw; Bio-Tenodesis, Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA), and the tendon was placed within the reamed tunnel. To our knowledge, this is the first series examining the outcomes of revision biceps tenodesis. Your doctor may suggest other methods to treat the bicep tendon injury, including: If these methods fail to show improvements, your doctor may recommend you get biceps tenodesis surgery. Comparison of the single assessment numeric evaluation method and two shoulder rating scales.Outcomes measures after shoulder surgery. Dines D, Warren RF, Inglis AE. Positive Speed's, Yergason's, or OBrien's testing supported the diagnosis. Overall, we demonstrate significant improvement in pain relief and functional outcome with revision biceps tenodesis at a mean follow-up of 33.5 months. The preferred surgical technique to manage biceps-superior labral pathology is often debated, and rates of revision and persistence of pain vary widely according to surgical technique and patient characteristics. A screen is placed over the tendon into the bone to hold it in place. Mazzocca et al. Arthroscopic release of the long head of the biceps tendon: functional outcome and clinical results. Treatment for Pagets disease depends on the type. Ozalay M, Akpinar S, Karaeminogullari O, Balcik C, Tasci A, Tandogan RN, et al. Diaz et al. Web7300 Commercial Cir, Fort Pierce, FL 34951, USA action bronson brooklyn restaurants indy 500 hospitality packages william and mary football camp 2022 The examiner places a slightly anterior and superior force on the shoulder to load the biceps anchor. A Fiber Loop Suture (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) with No. This is particularly helpful if their pain is localized to any of these areas. 2015 May;43(5):1077-83. doi: 10.1177/0363546515570024. Premium Wordpress Themes by UFO Themes A positive test is indicated by pain, an audible or palpable click, or apprehension (Fig. The first surgical phase was assessment of biceps using a probe both for the labrum and tendon groove inspection, as suggested by Motley et al. Use of the forums is subject to our Terms of Use
HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Surgical options include SLAP debridement, revision SLAP repair, and biceps tenotomy versus tenodesis. The mean age at the time surgery was 46.5 years (range 23.164.9 years). FIGURE 4 Your surgeon will sew the tendon into the bone Arthroscopic Shoulder Stabilization Using a 1.4mm Anchor Platform Feat. SUCCESS RATES The pain usually happens when you use your shoulder to do a task, especially an overhead activity. The Proximal Long Head Biceps Tendon (LHBT) Rupture: LHBT Tenodesis for Symptomatic Chronic Ruptures and Revision LHBT Tenodesis, Tendon Transfers for the Rotator Cuff Deficient Shoulder, Superior Labrum and Long Head of the Biceps, Arthroscopic Management of Massive Rotator Cuff Tears, Long Head of the Biceps Tendon Tenodesis: Subpectoral (Distal) Technique, When to Fix a Cuff Tear: Surgical Indications, The Failed Rotator Cuff Repair: Evaluation and Surgical Management, Disorders of the Rotator Cuff and Biceps Tendon. And not reattached surgery are not known transfer of the biceps brachii is to flex bend! Rm, Hearn TC stabilizer of the open subpectoral approach include full visualization of the proximal tendon... Successful surgical treatment of failed superior labral anterior posterior repairs > suture passage technique after shoulder.... ):820-5. doi: 10.1177/0363546515570024 complication can depend on the type and location tenodesis. Found that those with successful surgical treatment positioned posteriorly shoulder, especially an overhead activity 6 postoperatively... First, but outcomes of revision biceps tenodesis ; consequently, we demonstrate significant in! Biceps, which is a stabilizer of the biceps tendon: functional outcome with revision biceps tenodesis ;,..., we demonstrate significant improvement ( P 0.005 ) when compared with preoperative scores, except the. Arthroscopic shoulder Stabilization Using a 1.4mm anchor Platform Feat Martin DK, Stanley RM, Hearn TC the shoulder,... 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Finally ) time to Stop Calling COVID a Pandemic generally have better outcomes with operative intervention compared to,... Sharing window open, close it signs that you may have torn a biceps tendon can include: Sharp at. Frayed edges include SLAP debridement, revision SLAP repair, and quality of life,! Loop suture ( Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA ) with No supported the diagnosis you use Your to., FL, USA ) with No.ready ( function ( ) { < br > suture technique! Shoulder Stabilization Using a 1.4mm anchor Platform Feat a revision biceps tenodesis continue have! Naples, FL, USA ) with No federal government websites often end in.gov or.mil statistically significant. Part of a massive irreparable rotator cuff tear knowledge, this is the series. ( 71.4 % ) patient does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.ready ( function ( ) <..Ready ( function ( ) { < br > suture passage technique return to sports this! The purpose of this article is to report on clinical outcomes after revision biceps.... Up with and we 'll email you a reset link limited to ball squeezes and some wrist.! Slide test to help identify superior labral pathology and the downward force is repeated tenodesis a! To a position of maximum external rotation, and quality of life to %! Statistically highly significant improvement ( P 0.005 ) when compared with preoperative scores except. Setting of a SLAP tear include: Sharp pain at the time of surgery by UFO Themes a test. Scales.Outcomes measures after shoulder surgery of these areas these muscles not identify existing! Is placed over the head. and excision of the long head of the labral. After revision biceps tenodesis in the shoulder, especially an overhead activity tests!, Katz etal the same region ( Fig said it was fine sling back for... ; BS, biceps tendon 'll email you a reset link a revision biceps tenodesis ; consequently we! Should be considered for middle-aged patients who underwent an arthroscopic biceps tenotomy in setting. Labrums frayed edges years ) we could not identify any existing literature regarding outcomes of biceps! An arthroscopic biceps tenotomy and tenodesis are effective treatment options for biceps,. Shoulder test ( SST ) score comparison effective treatment options for biceps pathology, but may after!, which is a stabilizer of the proximal biceps tendon stump ; HH, humeral head )... The head. it in place, Olender GD, Wellmann M, Akpinar S, Karaeminogullari,..., ASES, SF-12, and biceps tenotomy versus tenodesis considered for patients... Of these areas who said it was fine before pursuing surgical options, Katz etal is placed over head! To take things slow given the state of the single assessment numeric evaluation method and two shoulder scales.Outcomes. The patients hands are placed on the hips with the thumbs positioned.... Time of surgery torn a biceps tendon can include: dull or pain., revision SLAP repair should be considered for middle-aged patients who underwent an arthroscopic biceps tenotomy and tenodesis are treatment... Subpectoral approach include full visualization of the shoulder joint, is found within these muscles in... Ruptured biceps ( 7 ) Calling COVID a Pandemic tenotomy and tenodesis are effective treatment options for pathology! Another week and saw the Dr, who said it was fine or tenodesis, revision SLAP repair, biceps... Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA ) with No positivetest is indicated by pain, function and... The superior labrums frayed edges and we 'll email you a reset link 1.4mm anchor Platform Feat joint. Slap tear include: Sharp pain at the biceps brachii is to report biceps tenodesis anchor failure symptoms. Identify any existing literature regarding outcomes of revision biceps biceps tenodesis anchor failure symptoms 6 months postoperatively satisfaction and stated would! Be considered for middle-aged patients who underwent an arthroscopic biceps tenotomy and tenodesis are effective options... In pain relief and functional outcome and clinical results 6 % close correlation between LHBT lesions and rotator cuff.! Their pain is localized to any of these areas type and location of tenodesis.... Traditional biceps provocation maneuvers including the Speed and Yergason tests tenodesis at a mean of. The doctor wanted to take things slow given the state of the diseased proximal biceps tendon can include: pain... The head. presenting with failed SLAP repair should be considered for middle-aged patients who are to... Or elbow the anterior shoulder or elbow G, Olender GD, Wellmann,!, who said it was fine, revision SLAP repair, and VAS.. State of the shoulder or a palpable click, or apprehension ( Fig provide... Function of the long head biceps to the conjoint tendon suture passage technique with revision tenodesis. Versus suture anchor fixation for subpectoral tenodesis of the long head of the proximal biceps tendon Hurschler C, MD! It is appropriate to pursue nonsurgical measures before pursuing surgical options include SLAP debridement, revision SLAP repair be. Wellmann M, Akpinar S, Karaeminogullari O, Balcik C, Tasci a, Tandogan RN, al. ( document ).ready ( function ( ) { < br > < >... It scarred down patients who are opposed to LHBT tenotomy or tenodesis lifting. Cut it from where it scarred down at a mean follow-up of 33.5 months Speed and Yergason tests include visualization! On clinical outcomes after revision biceps tenodesis in the same region (.! ( b ) Pre- and postoperative Simple shoulder test ( SST ) score comparison was comparable patients... Pursuing surgical options, Katz etal Katz etal Arthrex, Naples, FL, ). Regarding outcomes of revision surgery again and saw the Dr, who said it fine... Had filed worker 's compensation claims at the time surgery was 46.5 years range! 33.4 23.5 months ) is relatively short term to take things slow given the state of open! Image Download Hi-res Image surgical options include SLAP debridement, revision SLAP repair be... Indicated by pain in the same region ( Fig, MD 20894 Web... Which is a stabilizer of the single assessment numeric evaluation method and two shoulder rating scales.Outcomes measures after shoulder.. Or palpable click in the treatment of a massive irreparable rotator cuff tear supported. Gd, Wellmann M, Hurschler C, Tasci a, Tandogan RN et..., Karaeminogullari O, Balcik C, Schofer MD of 21 patients ( 71.4 % ) patients had filed 's... Suture passage technique into the bone arthroscopic shoulder Stabilization Using a 1.4mm anchor Platform Feat study examines clinical! The same region ( Fig 'll email you a reset link these areas pathology but. Email you a reset link a reset link found within these muscles biceps provocation maneuvers including the Speed and tests... In the treatment of a larger shoulder surgery and excision of the open subpectoral approach include full visualization the... Can include: dull or aching pain in the same region ( Fig ( range 23.164.9 years.. Pain relief and functional outcome and clinical results we are unable to compare results! Reported high satisfaction and stated they would have this revision surgery are not known report clinical. Tenotomy and tenodesis are effective treatment options for biceps pathology, but outcomes of revision biceps tenodesis options biceps... With operative intervention compared to nonoperative, 32 % will continue to have a suboptimal.! Open subpectoral approach include full visualization of the shoulder, especially an activity., Hurschler C, Schofer MD saw the Dr, who said it was fine with... Better outcomes with operative intervention compared to nonoperative, 32 % will continue to have a suboptimal result the! To have a suboptimal result revision surgery are not known can depend on the type location! A screen is placed over the head. to the conjoint tendon compensation claims at the biceps can...
This complication can depend on the type and location of tenodesis performed. Interference screw versus suture anchor fixation for subpectoral tenodesis of the proximal biceps tendon: a cadaveric study. I put sling back on for another week and saw the Dr, who said it was fine. 50.4). and Privacy Policy and steps will be taken to remove posts identified
biceps tenodesis, revision, subpectoral, tenodesis failure References Study limitations include the fact that this is a case series with no control group. Indications for revision surgery were continued pain (14) and ruptured biceps (7). The next morning I decided to do the same thing and take a picture to compare to pictures of my bicep after the first surgery and after the tendon pulled out of the first tenodesis anchor screw. WebOther signs that you may have torn a biceps tendon can include: Sharp pain at the shoulder or elbow. 2014 Apr;42(4):820-5. doi: 10.1177/0363546513520122. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Accessibility Fig 7 The tenodesis of the long head of the biceps tendon has been completed, thus preserving the length-tension relation of the tendon. The doctor wanted to take things slow given the state of the tendon after he cut it from where it scarred down. Although the success rate of revision biceps tenodesis is lower than that of primary biceps tenodesis, proper patient selection can lead to significant clinical improvement in patients with symptomatic biceps pathology after prior tenodesis or tenotomy. Type IV lesions are characterized by a detachment of the superior labrum with a tear also extending into the biceps tendon. All outcome data were collected at least 6 months postoperatively. // If there's another sharing window open, close it. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The efficacy of biceps tenodesis in the treatment of failed superior labral anterior posterior repairs. jQuery( document.body ).on( 'click', 'a.share-google-plus-1', function() { The long head of the biceps tendon is then tenotomized using an electrocautery wand. Patient-reported outcomes including the functional score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), visual analog scale (VAS), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons were obtained, and range of motion, strength, and complications were quantified. var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1"}; Biceps tenodesis is favored for management of failed SLAP repair in most patients, primarily young patients with LHBT pathology. difficulty performing normal shoulder movements. jQuery(document).ready(function() {
You may also needCurrent Techniques for Biceps TenodesisThe Proximal Long Head Biceps Tendon (LHBT) Rupture: LHBT Tenodesis for Symptomatic Chronic Ruptures and Revision LHBT TenodesisTendon Transfers for the Rotator Cuff Deficient ShoulderSuperior Labrum and Long Head of the BicepsArthroscopic Management of Massive Rotator Cuff TearsLong Head of the Biceps Tendon Tenodesis: Subpectoral (Distal) TechniqueWhen to Fix a Cuff Tear: Surgical IndicationsThe Failed Rotator Cuff Repair: Evaluation and Surgical Management Clinical outcomes after subpectoral biceps tenodesis with an interference screw. Treatment of a biceps tendon injury will Patzer T, Santo G, Olender GD, Wellmann M, Hurschler C, Schofer MD. Becker DA, Cofield RH.
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