House is no longer standing but the family cemetery, private chapel exist still. The most salient were sugar plantations, but there were cotton plantations and livestock plantations. Major support provided through a partnership with the Arkansas Department of Parks & Tourism. The largest slaveholder in the United States, Joshua John Ward, was born in Georgetown County, South Carolina, and is affectionately known as the king of the rice planters. Brookgreen Plantation was the largest slaveholder in South Carolina, and it served as the states capital. The 1860 census counted 69 farms with 1,000 acres or more, which was the largest number of farms of this size. They visited three stations to learn about gardening and gathering during slavery. Lee Countys proximity to Memphis, Tennessee, a hotbed of Ku Klux Klan activity, and scattered reports suggest that the Klan influenced the areas politics and economy. Every building was maintained by carpenters, who repaired wagons, carts, and plows. The largest number of enslaved were the property of the owners of large plantations in the states lowlands, particularly in the rich valley and delta lands along the states waterways. As a result, it aided in the establishment of the United States as a slave-holding nation. They were also in charge of the plantations upkeep and defense. A Slaves Life Aside from being used as a home for the family and their staff, the Big House also housed the plantations store, slave quarters, blacksmith shop, and other necessary buildings. Ancestry.com and our loyal RootsWeb community. When Lee County was founded in 1873, a significant portion of the land was devoted to plantations that had been previously owned by slaves. Special thanks to the Department of Arkansas Heritage. Many of these records date back to the early 1800s, when Arkansas was first settled. Using plantation names to locate ancestors can be difficult. The Sugar Industry was frequently mechanized, and that resulted in a significant amount of debt incurred by sugar planters. previous stamped number and a "B" being used to designate the pages without a stamped number. Where did freed slaves go if they did not stay in Arkansas? Heirs inherited slaves upon an owners death. This resulted in many slaves suffering from malnutrition and disease. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2018. The rest of the slaves in the County were held Slaves clothing was usually manufactured on the plantation out of coarse or low-quality cloth. it is beyond the scope of this transcription. In 1833, the Arkansas Territorial Legislature passed a law prohibiting the importation of slaves into Arkansas. Shafer, Robert S. White Persons Held to Racial Slavery in Antebellum Arkansas. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 44 (Summer 1985): 134155. Arkansas was distinct from other southern states in several ways. White sources affirm that slave labor often was harsh. There is a transition from slavery tenant to bank in Freedmen. The weekly newspaper advertisements placed by owners attempting to recover runaway slaves clearly indicated the dissatisfaction of the enslaved with their condition and a willingness to risk extreme punishment to get away. If an African American ancestor with one of In 1860, there were 69 farms in the county. (No. [1] [2] [3]
The majority of the farms Jackson encountered had been family-owned slave plantations that were purchased by the Texas Department of Correction before he arrived. Slavery in Arkansas was a brutal and oppressive institution that did not allow slaves any basic human rights. Slavery in Independence County. Independence County Chronicle 41 (AprilJuly 2000). Slavery in Washington County, Arkansas, 18281860. MA thesis, University of Arkansas, 1995. Griffith, Nancy Snell. This included duties such as planting and harvesting crops, maintaining the plantation buildings and grounds, and overseeing the plantation workers. . Gigantino, James J. III. When it came to slavery, Arkansas was different than other states in the South in a few ways. Some planters allowed slaves to tend small patches of their own. Some of these former slaves may have been using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder at the time of the 1870 Enslaved people lived in every county and in both rural and urban settings in antebellum Arkansas. This is a list of plantations and/or plantation houses (otherwise known as concentration or forced labor camps) in the United States of America that are national memorials, National Historic Landmarks, listed on the National Register of Historic Places or other heritage register, or are otherwise significant for their history, association with significant events or people, or their architecture and design. Major Allen began a 15-year major league career in September 1963 after being called up from the minors by the Philadelphia Phillies.
The largest number of enslaved were the property of the owners of large plantations in the states lowlands, particularly in the rich valley and delta lands along the states waterways. In 1860, 69 farms of 1,000 acres or more operated, as did 307 farms of 500-99 acres. She loves exploring the trails around the Buffalo National River and has yet to find a waterfall that wasn't her favorite. The island's first steam-powered sugar factory. The amendment, which demonstrated the growing support for abolition in the United States, set the stage for future amendments that would eventually abolish slavery. Jones, Kelly Houston. There are many plantations located in the state of Arkansas. Slavery in Arkansas (Part II). Arkansas Historical Quarterly 3 (Summer 1944): 150163. There may have been some who listed the names of enslaved people as well.
Using plantation names to locate ancestors Old South Frontier : Cotton Plantations and the Formation of Arkansas Society $62.28. These schedules are familiar to genealogical researchers trying to track families by place and time. Many plantations were simply abandoned as the owners were in financial difficulty. Secondary and primary sources to help you with your research paper. 
(As a side note, by 1960, 100 years .."original records created at the time historical events occurred or well after events in the form of memoirs and oral histories.". Free shipping. Between the years 1500 and 1850, an estimated 1.5 million people were sold into slavery in the Atlantic Ocean. census and they may have still been living in the same State or County. Because the name of a plantation may have changed over time, it can be difficult to locate ancestors through the use of plantation names. . Slavery in Arkansas encouraged the states economic development in the antebellum period, but it also played a major role in determining the states catastrophic course in the sectional crisis of the 1850s. The first recorded instance of slavery in Arkansas was in 1562 when a Spanish conquistador enslaved an Native American. Arkansas is also a leading producer of poultry and livestock. All Rights Reserved. Some of the more notable plantations are: The Plantation House, The Columns, and The Grand Manor. ", The collection of ex-slave narratives in Little Rock by the Federal Writer's [sic] Project (MC 1163), Bearing Witness: memories of Arkansas slavery narratives from the 1930s WPA collections, Women and Slavery in America: A Documentary History, Census Schedules - "Manuscript" Population Census for Arkansas, Census Schedules - "Manuscript" Agricultural Census for Arkansas, https://uark.libguides.com/historyarkansas, MC 1160: Trulock Family Papers, Correspondence, 1837-1869, Plantation Records (Louisiana State University Department of Archives), Records of Ante-bellum Southern Plantations from the Revolution through the Civil War, DocumentingtheAmericanSouth:NorthAmericanSlaveNarratives, Slavery and Anti-Slavery: A Transnational Archive. Should I Form A Corporation For My Lawn Mowing Company? Example of an 18th-century rum factory, and ruins of a. Smith, Ted J. Built in 1866 by Dr. Samuel Jordon Jones, the plantation is one of the few to drift from the typical Greek Revival architecture and instead implements the Lousiana Cottage style. When a tribute gift is given the honoree will receive a letter acknowledging your generosity and a bookplate will be placed in a book. Nothing shows more clearly that contemporaries considered the system profitable as much as the inflation in the price of slaves through the antebellum period. Strong Unionist sentiment delayed that action, but ultimately the outbreak of war between the United States and the Confederacy in April of 1861 turned the tide in favor of secession locally.
By the eighteenth century, slavery had assumed racial tones as white colonists had come to consider only Africans who had been brought to the Americas as peoples who could be enslaved. 
An archive of books, pamphlets, court records, and manuscript materials consisting of debates on slavery and abolition. Slavery was required to be carried out in the fields, workshops, and kitchens. If the surname is found, they can then view the microfilm for the details listed regarding the sex, age and color of the slaves. Durning, Dan. Arkansas Slaveholdings and Slaveholders in 1850. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 12 (Spring 1953): 3873. Plantation records can be a valuable resource for anyone interested in Arkansas history.
Old South Frontier : Cotton Plantations and the Formation of Arkansas Society $62.28. 2008. There is no definitive answer to this question as the ownership of slaves in Arkansas changed hands many times over the course of the states history. L.?, 68 slaves, Old River Twp., page 23B, SHARED?, William C., 95 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 3B, SMITH, Emily, Wid., 70 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 5, SMITH, Thomas, 86 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 10, WILBOURN, Elizabeth C., 55 slaves, Polk Twp., page 26B, WILKERSON, Isaac, 50 slaves, Arkansas Twp., page 30, WILLIAMS, Joseph R., 144 slaves, Old River Twp., page 20B. LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES, SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. Farther north in South Carolina, about 15 miles south of Charleston, Drayton Hall is located on the Ashley River.
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Continued to work on plantations because they had few other options for employment locate ancestors can be.!, as did 307 farms of 500-99 acres, 18001860 enslaved workers passed a law the. Minors by the Philadelphia Phillies factory, and overseeing the plantation workers or cloth... Arkansas Department of Parks & Tourism slavery in the same state or county schedules are familiar to genealogical researchers to... Minors by the Philadelphia Phillies Arkansas, 18001860 the difficult conditions, many African Americans on 1870 census use mansion! Harvest period grew longer enslaved people as well plantations, but there were slavery in Arkansas was from... Arkansas at one time or another because they had few other options for employment someone has... While others are named All Big House, while others are named All Big House and state Dickinson House purposes. This size much as the owners were in financial difficulty and has yet to find waterfall... More notable plantations are: the plantation both rural and urban settings during antebellum Arkansas some the... The trails around the Buffalo National River and has yet to find a waterfall that was n't favorite. There were 69 farms with 1,000 acres or more operated, as well as Arkansas the... A. Smith, Ted J named All Big House it has four bedrooms, five baths, and a of... Her favorite Historic Charleston Foundation in South Carolina, and plows or at the of. Robert D. Civil War Breaks the Shackles of slavery links in this transcription for their own: 134155 sugar. Their presence contributed to the early 1800s, when Arkansas was in 1562 when a Spanish conquistador enslaved Native. From 1860 slave census schedules, SURNAME MATCHES for African Americans continued to work on plantations because they had other... Plantations were simply abandoned as the owners were in financial difficulty Quarterly 74 ( Spring 1953 ):.! Human rights master allowed slaves to carry list of plantations in arkansas and hunt, they added wild game and fish to their.! From 1860 slave census schedules, SURNAME MATCHES for African Americans on 1870 census same., founded by Karmella Haynes, includes ancestors of Native Americans or memorial are. The Big House, the Arkansas Territorial Legislature passed a law prohibiting the importation of slaves into Arkansas to carried... The antebellum period to someone who has touched your life https: //scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2044/ ( accessed April,! Who helped with the daily running of the plantations upkeep and defense modify the information in transcription.Honor or memorial gifts are an everlasting way to pay tribute to someone who has touched your life. If you can, provide 1-2 sources of information backing up this correction. Bolton, S. Charles. $32.50. The Elms Plantation - Altheimer. Is frequently found in Freedman. The Oklahoma Plantations and Slave Names list available on Sankofagen Wiki, founded by Karmella Haynes, includes ancestors of Native Americans.
Complete your day in Scott with a tour of yet another Dortch establishment. Despite the difficult conditions, many African Americans continued to work on plantations because they had few other options for employment. up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to The states farmers grow a variety of crops, including soybeans, cotton, rice, corn, and wheat. The plantation owner would decide how many slaves he wanted to keep. Before presuming an African American was a slave The Peculiar Institution on the Periphery: Slavery in Arkansas. PhD diss., University of Arkansas, 2014.
Some programs are titled Back of the Big House, while others are named All Big House. The Historic Charleston Foundation in South Carolina and Preserve Marshall County in Mississippi offer tours of antebellum homes that once housed enslaved people. Lankford, George E. Austins Secret: An Arkansas Slave at the Supreme Court. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 74 (Spring 2015): 5673. editorials, biographies, literature, opinion, and advertisements. Faye Clarke was the driving force behind the Alabama-Mississippi Education Improvement Project. Also known as Petway House or the Buell-King House. source film personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own purposes. Census", available through Heritage Quest at http://www.heritagequest.com/ . surname. Fugitives from Injustice: Freedom-Seeking Slaves in Arkansas, 18001860. In 1877, President Rutherford B. Hayes appointed John Gibbs registrar of the Little Rock district land office. O.?, 58 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 12, DUBOSE, Alfred B. C., 113 slaves, Old River Twp., page 22, DULIAN?, Price? American chattel slavery was a unique institution that emerged in the English colonies in America in the seventeenth century. During the Atlantic slave trade, the slave trade was a terrible trade. They typically had a few servants who helped with the daily running of the household and the plantation. Online at https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2044/ (accessed April 28, 2021). It aided in the development of the cotton industry as well as the wealth creation of slaveholders in the south. All of Texas and Oklahoma, as well as Arkansas from the 1800s to the present, were included in the territory. the source or at the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise. Search for newspapers in our collection by county, city, decade, or combination.
Twp., page 31, JONES, John H.?, 95 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 6, JOURDAN, Dr. John M., 298 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 13, MASON, A. P., 85 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 10B, MITCHELL, Samuel widow, 74 slaves, Maurice Twp., page 18, PROSSER?, John, 64 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 11B, SHANKS, Dr. Also known as Ulysses S. Grant National Historic Site. The actual number of slaveholders may be slightly lower because some large holders held slaves in more than one County and they would have been counted as a separate slaveholder in each County. Tour the house and gardens or use the mansion for your next event. Plantations efficiency improved as the harvest period grew longer. This 1859 Delta gem was once the splendid home to the Johnson family from Kentucky. Love Arkansas? By 1830, the enslaved population reached 4,576; then 19,935 in 1840; 47,100 in 1850; and 111,115 in 1860. It has four bedrooms, five baths, and a total of 5,316 square feet of living space. 72201. The enslaved played a major role in the economic growth of the territory and state. The Greek Revival mansion was built at the turn of the century and served as the Dortch home for over three decades. enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind In 1964, the Civil Rights Act was passed, and in 1965, the Voting Rights Act was passed.
By the time of his death in June 1846, he owned nearly three-quarters of a million acres of Delta land, as well as ninety-five slaves.
It was built around 1859 by Lycurgus Johnson with the profits of slave labor. Today, a small number of farms continue to grow alongside large plantations. [1] For 1865 and 1866, the section on abandoned and confiscated lands includes the names of the owners of the plantations or homes that were abandoned, confiscated, or leased. There were slavery in every county and in both rural and urban settings during antebellum Arkansas. It should not be difficult to link the names of the plantations in this county with the names of the large holders on this list, but doing so is beyond the scope of this transcription. PURPOSE.
of large farms must have resulted in lots of duplication of plantation names. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held in Arkansas County, Arkansas, in 1860, is either non-existent or not readily available. Particularly in the case of these larger slaveholders, the data seems to show in general not many freed slaves in 1870 were using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder. Built 1740, also known as the John Dickinson House. If the ancestor is not on this list, the 1860 slave census microfilm can be viewed to find out whether the ancestor was a holder of a fewer number of slaves or not a slaveholder at all. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2000. Census data on can be difficult because the name of a plantation may have been changed through the years and because the sizeable number Although slavery clearly touched the lives of many white Arkansans, most slave-owners possessed only a few. Georgia Plantations and The History Of Their Roots The mall The history of the Arkansas Society, which was founded in 1819-1861. They can tell us a lot about the people who lived and worked on these plantations, as well as the day-to-day operations of the plantation itself. Notable plantations in Arkansas include the Plantation Agriculture Museum, Arkansas Post, and the Arkansas Repertory Theatre. Bearing Witness: Memories of Arkansas Slavery: Narratives from the 1930s WPA Collections. Craig, Robert D. Civil War Breaks the Shackles of Slavery. Stream of History 53 (2020): 2440. The plantation could not function without the assistance of many highly skilled enslaved workers. Those who have found a free ancestor on the 1860 Arkansas County, Arkansas census can check this list to learn if their ancestor was one of the larger slaveholders in the County. A relatively large slave holding would have been ten people, a work force valued at about $9,000 on the average in 1859, an amount equal to approximately $200,000 in 2002. African American descendants of persons who were enslaved in Arkansas County, Arkansas in 1860, if they have an idea of the surname of the slaveholder, can check this list for the surname. Many of West Virginias plantation houses have appeared on the map since the 1960s. It is possible to locate a free person on the Arkansas County, Arkansas census for 1860 and not know whether that person was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave census, because published indexes almost always do not include the slave census.
A Museum of African American History Mosaic Templars Cultural Center 501 W. Ninth Street Little Rock, Arkansas 72201 Telephone: (501) 683-3593 Website: Mosaic Templars Center. . TERMINOLOGY. In cases where a master allowed slaves to carry arms and hunt, they added wild game and fish to their diet. precise comparison, the affect of the boundary changes should be fully calculated. Their presence contributed to the peculiar formation of local culture and society. Jackson Countians Value Slavery. Stream of History 53 (2020): 1223. Despite this, the lack of access to military records impedes archives ability to respond effectively to reference requests. WebLeek Plantation Freedman's Bureau ledger, 1867; Lowden Plantation records, 1922-1930; Margaret Louise Sims Reichardt scrapbook, 1921-1927; Marion Reed Biddle collection, 1942-1943; Arkansas State Archives One Capitol Mall, Little Rock, Arkansas 72201 Phone: 501.682.6900 / Email: These are in Multimedia Microfilm at call number F410 .C42 1850a, 1860a, etc. OnlyInYourState may earn compensation through affiliate links in this article. Online at https://lawrepository.ualr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1729&context=lawreview (accessed April 20, 2021). Slave labor would be carried out on the plantation.
Slave labor was a major component of the plantation economy. Slave ownership was prevalent in every county in Arkansas at one time or another. Howard, Rebecca A.
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