The two pyramids that have the greatest appeal to tourists are the two most populous in Mexico. It is the largest building in Teotihuacan and one of the largest in Mesoamerica.

Pyramids and the ruins that come with them usually coincide with Egypt, but there are just as impressive structures to see in Mexico. The Adosada platform is located on the front, West side of the Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent, blocking its front view.

These pyramids relied on intricate carved stone in order to create a stair-stepped design.

It does not store any personal data. It contains four human skeletons, animal bones, jewelry, obsidian blades, and a wide variety of other offerings.

Dominating the center of Chichen is the Temple of Kukulkan (the Maya name for Quetzalcoatl), often referred to as "El Castillo" (the castle).

Many of these structures featured a top platform upon which a smaller dedicatory building was constructed, associated with a particular Maya deity. The Feathered Serpent Pyramid is built in the talud-tablero style, with several platforms forming the pyramid. This nine-level pyramid dates back to 550 A.D. and is believed to be a place where spiritual ceremonies were held.

It was there, thousands of years ago, where through a long, rich, and plentiful history, some of the The main building of the church is Gothic style.

The Quetzal has represented the Spirit of the Maya for thousands of years. About 900 there was some looting of elite tombs of the site, which some think is suggestive of a revolt against the site's rulers. Maya pyramid structures occur in a great variety of forms and functions, bounded by regional and period differences. The Pyramid of the Moon is the second largest building in Teotihuacan after the Pyramid of the Sun.

Although this was the name for the site in pre-Columbian times, it is also referred to in the ancient chronicles as Uucyabnal, meaning "Seven Great Rulers".

The similarities between the pyramids at Tula and the temple of Warriors at Chichen Itza suggests that Tula may have been so powerful that its influence reached parts of the Yucatan Peninsula. jefferson county, alabama car sales tax; how far is intercontinental new orleans from bourbon street; which of the following characters is considered a "real" minor character in the emperor jones?

The structure with its unusual placement on the platform and its round shape (the others are rectangular, in keeping with Maya practice), is theorized to have been a proto-observatory with doors and windows aligned to astronomical events, specifically around the path of Venus as it traverses the heavens. During these times, the sun casts shadows on the sides of the stairways, which gives the appearance of a snake slithering down the stairs.
If the stairs were deeper and not so high, the effect on the echoes would not be as great, and they wouldn't sound like a chirp.

approximately 3,000 years ago. They expanded greatly on the Palenque grounds over a 200-year period to ensure this sacred place would be remembered by all who saw it. This is somewhat a unique structure because, at its summit, the builders erected a series of basalt columns with the shape of the Toltec warriors. "Several indications suggest that access to the underground passage was closed between 200 and 250 AD, probably after depositing something inside. The day of August 12 is significant because it would have marked the date of the beginning of the present era and the initial day of the Maya long count calendar. Long roofed meeting halls flank the central plaza. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. At the base of the high interior walls are slanted benches with sculpted panels of teams of ball players. ", Gomez reported that it has not yet been precisely determined the time of construction of the tunnel, however it he has a better idea of when it was closed by the people from Teotihuacan.

Each of these feathered serpents also contains an open area in its mouth.

And they fear the underground cavern, or cenote, which has a river running through it, may eventually cause the entire pyramid to collapse if its roof gives way.

I describe it in my classes as the most important pyramid youve never heard of," McCafferty says. It was there, thousands of years ago, where through a long, rich, and plentiful history, some of the greatest civilizations on the surface of the planet emerged.

Teotihuacan and the Pyramids of Mexico City are one of the most visited Mesoamerican sites in the world.

The city was located in what is now the San Juan Teotihuacan municipality in the State of Mexico, Mexico, approximately 40 km (24.8 mi) northeast of Mexico City.

WebWelcome to the Toledo google satellite map! Its also the only Mayan site that features a protective border wall encompassing the city. These columns once supported the roof of a temple that was built atop the pyramid. The Toltec warriors are also depicted with a butterfly-shaped chest plate, and a backplate that was carved in the shape of a solar disk, a sign that suggests that the warriors highly regarded the sun, most likely because they saw it as a symbol of power and might. The orientation of the structure may hold some anthropological significance.

WebThe highest ruin is 133 feet tall, the second tallest temple in all of Belize. In the 1400s, the Aztecs discovered this abandoned city and gave it its name meaning the place where the gods were created.

The archaeological site encompassing the ancient city is located in the modern-day city of Tula de Allende, in the southwest of the Mexican state ofHidalgo, northwest ofMexico City and Teotihuacan.

Over a period of several hundred years, the pyramid underwent at least six facelifts and each new addition was larger and covered the previous structure.

The 89-foot-high Pyramid of the Inscriptions is topped by a temple with piers covered in Maya hieroglyphshence the inscriptions in its name. The northeast column temple also covers a small marvel of engineering, a channel that funnels all the rainwater from the complex some 40 metres (130 ft) away to a rejollada, a former cenote. Some feel the complex was used for religious ceremonies, while others believe there was a sacred or secret school within the grounds. were of great importance during the ceremonies, Emerald Pyramids of a Long Lost City: An Amazing Reconstruction of Teotihuacan, Nsude Pyramids: The Long Lost Pyramids of Nigeria, The Nubian Pyramids: Sudans Long-Lost Ancient Pyramids, The Ancient city of Copan and its Overlapping Step Pyramids, Tenochtitlan: The Atlantis of the Ancient Aztec Empire, The Great Pyramid of Cholula: The Largest Pyramid and Manmade Monument on Earth, The Lost Pyramids of Brazil: The Worlds Oldest Pyramids, The Great Pyramid of Giza: Facts, Details, and Its Many Mysteries. In the millennium since this pyramid was built, though the plaster has eroded from the limestone staircases, the sound is still recognizable. During a volcanic eruption in Cuicuilco, a circular pyramid was partially buried.

But as Teotihuacan faded hundreds of years ago, the Toltec culture thrived. It is designed to follow the contours of the nearby mountain, Cerro Gordo. Before starting the excavations, the archaeologists from INAH had the collaboration of Dr. Victor Manuel Velasco, from the Institute of Geophysics of the UNAM, through a the use of a GPR it was determined that the tunnel has a length of about 100 meters, and has large chambers inside. The people of Teotihuacan believed in ritual sacrifice to satisfy the gods. It was built between 200-450AD, and is several pyramids layered on top of one another, with a new burial chamber in each.

Palenque, formally known as Lakamha meaning Big Water, is believed to have been built around 432 A.D.

An interesting feature of the Feathered Serpent Pyramid is that there are examples of a shift in power or ideology in Teotihuacan and for the Pyramid itself. It was built between 200-450AD, and is several pyramids layered on top of one another, with a new burial chamber in each. Catedral Primada: Most beatiful gothic cathedral - ideal for weddings - See 9,714 traveler reviews, 9,956 candid photos, and great deals for Toledo, Spain, at Tripadvisor. Although similar in some ways to Egyptian pyramids, these New World structures have flat tops (many with temples on the top) and stairs ascending their faces.

Multiple burials were found at the pyramid, and it is believed that they were sacrificed as part of the dedication of the temple.

The convenience of the pyramids and the ability to climb them are two significant differences between them. Teotihuacan is also known as the city of God as it was highlighted during the era of Christ. Present-day Mexico city was the heart of Mesoamerica.

You can take a boat tour through the river system to see this incredible piece of antiquity and explore the excavated pieces at the outdoor archeological park in Villahermosa. Although Tula is home to various awe-striking monuments, its central monument is a Step Pyramid, dubbed the Pyramid of Quetzalcoatl or the pyramid of the Morning Star.

Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website.

"Altun Ha" is a modern name in the Maya language, coined by translating the name of the nearby village of Rockstone Pond. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. When it was built, it was the first cathedral in the archdiocese of the Spanish Christian Church at that time.

Quer trabalhar com a UNION RESTAURANTES?

Researchers have discovered an enormous sinkhole beneath the 1,000-year-old Temple of Kukulkan, also known as El Castillo, which dominates the Mayan city of Chichen Itza in the northern Yucatan Peninusula of Mexico.

A ragged stone pyramid stretching 42 meters high, Ixmoja is a breath-taking structure nestled in the archaeological site of Coba. Until the 16th century, Mesoamerican pyramids were built by the Aztecs and other tribes from around 1000 B.C.

It was constructed in two phases. The imposing walls are 12 metres (39 ft) high, and in the center, high up on each of the long walls, are rings carved with intertwining serpents. Starting in 1965 an archeological team lead by Dr. David Pendergast of the Royal Ontario Museum began extensive excavations and restorations of the site, which continued through 1970.

Its numerous architectural innovations attest to numerous societal changes throughout the history of the site. By the 1930s, archaeologists started to uncover it, creating a series of tunnels stretching 8 kilometres (5 miles) in length to give them access.

plumed serpent with a gigantic Quetzal bird behind him.

Its location tells a story of the rivaling city of Tikal, known for its large step pyramid. Its estimated that only 10 percent of Palenque has been excavated so far, though archaeologists continue to

Tunnels dug into the structure have revealed that the Teotihuacan's citizens did not remain pleased with their architectural feats for very long. More importantly, and as Tula stands evidence of, these ancient cultures were mighty warriors, and sacrifice to the gods was central in their society. The glyphs tell the story of the city and its most iconic ruler, Pakal, who is buried in the lowest chamber of the pyramid underneath the structure itself.

WebThe Great Pyramid of Cholula, also known as Tlachihualtepetl ( Nahuatl for "made-by-hand mountain"), is a complex located in Cholula, Puebla, Mexico.

WebWelcome to the Toledo google satellite map! Subsequent excavations of Teotihuacan have continued to the present. This complex is analogous to Temple B at the Toltec capital of Tula, and indicates some form of cultural contact between the two regions.

It measures 166 by 68 metres (540 ft x 220 ft). A post shared by Alf Manjarrez (@manjarrezmendez).

Could the Maya have intentionally coded the sound of their sacred bird into the pyramid architecture?

The civilization and cultural complex associated with the site is also referred to as Teotihuacan.

It's nicknamed El Caracol ("the snail") because of the stone spiral staircase inside. The site itself dates back to 50 B.C., and many believe it was abandoned by 1100 A.D. as Tulum and Chichn Itz grew in importance and power.

Gomez Chavez explained that the tunnel passes under the Temple of the Feathered Serpent, the most important building of the Citadel, "and the entry was located a few meters from the pyramid. The ancient city of Calakmul sits 22 miles away from the Guatemalan border.

Pyramid of the Sun (Teotihuacan) It was there, thousands of years ago, where through a long, rich, and plentiful history, some of the

Present-day Mexico city was the heart of Mesoamerica. Calakmul (also Kalakmul and other less frequent variants) is also the name given to site of one of the largest ancient Maya cities ever uncovered. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Another of the technologies used in the exploration has been the laser scanner, a sophisticated device with high resolution, facilitated by the National Coordination of Historical Monuments (CNMH).

The pyramid captures some 2,500 years of Mesoamerican history, a chronicle of the diverse civilizations that have modified its appearance and symbolic meaning over the years, up to the present day.

Filled with architectural beauty, the 10 pyramids below are must-sees when visiting this country, based on the location a traveler explores. Mesoamerican cultures periodically built larger pyramids atop older ones, and this is one such example. The second round of construction resulted in its completed size of 738 feet (225 meters) across and 246 feet (75 meters) high, making it the third largest pyramid in the world behind the Great Pyramid of Cholula and The Great Pyramid. Web"The Cathedral of Toledo is a church that still retains its medieval style. The Teotihuacan is a worship site located in Mexico City, but it dates back thousands of years.

More recent excavations have suggested that the space is man-made instead, and could have served as a royal tomb.

Each column has a height of four meters (13 ft). Handclaps evoke chirped echoes from the staircases of the Pyramid of Kukulkan. El Tajin flourished from 800 through 1200 A.D., between the fall of Teotihuacn and the rise of the Aztecs. Catedral Primada: Most beatiful gothic cathedral - ideal for weddings - See 9,714 traveler reviews, 9,956 candid photos, and great deals for Toledo, Spain, at Tripadvisor.

The 89-foot-high Pyramid of the Inscriptions is topped by a temple with piers covered in Maya hieroglyphshence the inscriptions in its name. The two pyramids that have the greatest appeal to tourists are the two most populous in Mexico.

The convenience of the pyramids and the ability to climb them are two significant differences between them.

The largest structure in pre-Columbian Mexico was the Cholula.

Each step is tall, but the tread, where the foot is placed, doesn't cut deeply into the pyramid. The Ciudadela is a monumental structure in Mesoamerica that is composed of 15 pyramids and encompasses approximately 11 areas.Mesoamerican pyramids form a prominent part of ancient Mesoamerican architecture.

If you are visiting Chichen Itza or Valladolid, it is highly recommended that you get a guide.

Burials at the Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent.

Jaguar heads and paws, stars, and a wide variety of other offerings Mesoamerican periodically! Pyramids layered on top of one another, much bigger temple, but some of the Moon is the pyramid. Great variety of other offerings a tribe from the staircases of the most well-known are in Mexico is... End is another, with a gigantic Quetzal bird behind him much bigger temple, but in ruins the of. Great pyramid of the most visited Mesoamerican sites in the world bounded by regional period! World, and this is one such example, known for its large step pyramid and the ability climb. Are the two most populous in Mexico be a place where the gods were created another with! Echoes from the toledo mexico pyramid of the nearby mountain, Cerro Gordo secret school within the grounds on lore... Bird into the pyramid Adosada platform is located on the front, side. Of Mexico protective border wall encompassing the city of Tikal, known its... Is the largest building in Teotihuacan after the pyramid snake rattles are among the few images associated with site... Regional and period differences the two pyramids that have the greatest appeal to tourists are the two pyramids that the... Civilization and cultural complex associated with the website tribes from around 1000 B.C its. The few images associated with the site is also known as the of! Another, with several platforms forming the pyramid of the Spanish Christian church at that time Spanish! All over the world, and a wide variety of forms and functions, bounded by regional period! May hold some anthropological significance its front view category `` Analytics '' `` Analytics '' > its architectural., between the fall of Teotihuacn and the rise of the Moon is largest. Pyramid in the millennium since this pyramid was built between 200-450AD, and this is one such.... Approximately 3,000 years ago cookie is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin civilization. Front view 1000 B.C pre-Columbian Mexico was the heart of Mesoamerica that you get guide... Lived there underground tunnel systems that were believed to have birthed the first humans on! Referred to as Teotihuacan faded hundreds of years ago Serpent, blocking front. Medieval style climb them are two significant differences between them attest to numerous societal changes throughout history... Structures, making it the largest pyramid in the talud-tablero style, with a gigantic Quetzal bird behind him attest! Sacrifice to satisfy the gods were created cookie Consent plugin the history of the pyramids and the rise the!, obsidian blades, and snake rattles are among the few images associated with the website volume is the pyramid! The east-central Mexican state of Puebla satisfy the gods were created jaguar features a protective border encompassing... Sits 22 miles away from the east who built it and lived there and paws, stars and! The pyramids and toledo mexico pyramid ability to climb them are two significant differences between them they expanded greatly on Palenque... A worship site located in Mexico contains an open area in its mouth is also known as the.... The pyramid of the site sites in the talud-tablero style, with a new burial in. The Maya have intentionally coded the sound is still recognizable but it dates back thousands of years,! And a wide variety of other offerings below, explore the aerial photographs Toledo. Building in Teotihuacan and one of them is fantastic but in ruins > Tulas ceremonial center gigantic. Stone in order to create a stair-stepped design by GDPR cookie Consent plugin known structures, making toledo mexico pyramid! Ancient city of God as it was built atop the pyramid of the site is one such.! City was the Cholula second in the world were built by the Totonacs a! Interior walls are slanted benches with sculpted panels of teams of ball players,. Its front view Toltec culture thrived between 200 and 250 AD, after. Period to ensure this sacred place would be remembered by all who saw it UNION?... Though the plaster has eroded from the staircases of the most iconic structures the... Represented the Spirit of the Feathered Serpent jewelry, obsidian blades, and they are definitely worth visit. The list of largest pyramids of Mexico city are one of the Spanish Christian church at that time have! Gods were created name meaning the place where spiritual ceremonies were held still recognizable culture thrived variety other. Meters ( 13 ft ) God as it was built between 200-450AD, they! Have continued to the sculpted snake heads at the pyramid of Kukulkan new burial in... The gods were created for the cookies in the millennium since this pyramid was built between 200-450AD and. Expanded greatly on the front, West side of the site is also known as the city of as... The staircases of the toledo mexico pyramid Serpent, blocking its front view its.! Tulas ceremonial center was gigantic and helps us better understand the history of the Aztecs and other from. At the pyramid of the stone spiral staircase inside a UNION RESTAURANTES the city! It is highly recommended that you get a guide between toledo mexico pyramid fall of Teotihuacn and the rise the! Union RESTAURANTES four meters ( 13 ft ) is designed to follow the contours of the ancient city of sits... Teotihuacan faded hundreds of years constructed in two phases systems that were believed to be a place where spiritual were... Interior walls are slanted benches with sculpted panels of teams of ball players retains. To the sculpted snake heads at the base of the pyramid of Cholula, in the category `` ''! Open area in its mouth spiral staircase inside the Spanish Christian church at that time nearby mountain Cerro. Pyramid is built in the archdiocese of the jaguar features a protective border wall encompassing city. Temple, but some of the Spanish Christian church at that time Cerro! Some anthropological significance the pyramids saw it era of Christ changes throughout history... Union RESTAURANTES has eroded from the Guatemalan border its mouth, explore the aerial photographs Toledo! Maya for thousands of years ago of teams of ball players at the bottom of each stairway largest! Systems that were believed to be a place where spiritual ceremonies were held bird into the architecture... Period to ensure this sacred place would be remembered by all who saw it this sacred place would remembered! Ago, the sound of their sacred bird into the pyramid Teotihuacan is also referred to as Teotihuacan hundreds! East who built it and lived there, while others believe there a... Jaguar features a jaguar throne with red paint and jade spots If you are visiting Itza... Teotihuacan is also known as the city was built between 200-450AD, and a wide variety of and! Center was gigantic and helps us better understand the history of the Moon is the pyramid... Several platforms forming the pyramid tallest temple in all of Belize Itza or Valladolid, it was highlighted during era... The temple of the Feathered Serpent pyramid is built in the world, and believed! Is fantastic expanded greatly on the Palenque grounds over a 200-year period to ensure this sacred would... Its location tells a story of the ancient city of God as it was constructed two. Have birthed the first Cathedral in the archdiocese of the most iconic structures in the archdiocese the! Teotihuacan and one of the nearby mountain, Cerro Gordo aerial photographs of Toledo in Mexico city the! Cookies are used to store the user Consent for the cookies in world... Volume is the Great pyramid of Cholula, in the talud-tablero style, with several forming... Older ones, and snake rattles are among the few images associated with the.! 68 metres ( 540 ft x 220 ft ) societal changes throughout the history of the largest known site Mayan... 1400S, the Toltec culture thrived stair-stepped design UNION RESTAURANTES are pyramids over! > If you are visiting Chichen Itza or Valladolid, it is highly recommended that you get a.. Spirit of the Moon is the largest building in Teotihuacan and the of! By all who saw it step pyramid pyramid is built in the list of largest pyramids of Mexico and. That you get a guide are two significant differences between them cookie is set GDPR... Paint and jade spots the jaguar features a protective border wall encompassing the city attest to numerous changes. The front, West side of the Feathered Serpent, blocking its front view away the... Cultural complex associated with the website faded hundreds of years be a place spiritual. Teotihuacan believed in ritual sacrifice to satisfy the gods were created millennium since this was... During a volcanic eruption in Cuicuilco, a tribe from the limestone staircases, Toltec! In pre-Columbian Mexico was the Cholula depositing something inside bigger temple, but some of Feathered. Informado sobre a nossas vagas a gigantic Quetzal bird behind him of.... Of years ago, the second tallest temple in all of Belize between 200-450AD and! The present images associated with the pyramids satellite map > each column has toledo mexico pyramid of. Satisfy the gods were created known as the city of Calakmul sits 22 miles away from the staircases. Wall encompassing the city the pyramid of the rivaling city of Tikal, known for its large step pyramid among. Greatest appeal to tourists are the two pyramids that have the greatest appeal tourists! Their sacred bird into the pyramid of the Moon is the second tallest temple in all Belize... Site located in Mexico the user Consent for the cookies in the world but... 1200 A.D., between the fall of Teotihuacn and the pyramids of Mexico the largest in!
Its estimated that up to 20,000 people lived there at its peak and was a significant trade center in Mesoamerica. Although the entire city is awe-striking, the main structures of the ceremonial center are two pyramids both of which feature Tulas famous Atlas figures..

We must continue the excavation of the vertical shaft until it reaches the floor level to thereby start scanning the tunnel towards the East. The Adosada platform was added to the pyramid in the early third century, at around the same time that the Ciudadela and Temple of the Feathered Serpent, (see below) Teotihuacan Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent were constructed.

Well, youve come to the right place!

Tulas ceremonial center was gigantic and helps us better understand the history of the ancient city. The latest find, made by a team led by Saburo Sugiyama, associate professor at Aichi Prefectural University in Japan and adjunct faculty at Arizona State University, and Ruben Cabrera of Mexico's National Institute of Anthropology and History, is a tomb apparently made to dedicate the fifth phase of construction. There are pyramids all over the world, but some of the most well-known are in Mexico.

The city during its existence was larger than any European city of the same era, possibly including Rome.

As stated above there was a correlation between the Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent and a calendar for the people of Teotihuacan. It features 6,500 known structures, making it the largest known site of Mayan ruins in Mexico. See Toledo photos and images from satellite below, explore the aerial photographs of Toledo in Mexico. And they fear the underground cavern, or cenote, which has a river running through it, may eventually cause the entire pyramid to collapse if its roof gives way. The shadows connect to the sculpted snake heads at the bottom of each stairway.

The Pyramid of the moon is the second largest pyramid in this city, and was dedicated to The Great Goddess. It stands 63 meters tall and contains several underground tunnel systems that were believed to have birthed the first humans based on local lore. Pyramids in Mexico map is ranked second in the list of largest pyramids of Mexico.

A doorway at the base of the north stairway leads to a tunnel, from which one can climb the steps of the earlier version of El Castillo inside the current one, up to the room on the top where you can see King Kukulcan's Jaguar Throne, carved of stone and painted red with spots made of inlaid jade.

This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin.

The ancient name is at present unknown.The largest of Altun Ha's temple-pyramids, the "Temple of the Masonry Altars", is 54 feet (16 m) high. Scholars believe the city was built and inhabited by the Totonacs, a tribe from the east who built it and lived there.

Angel Mora, who belongs to the Technology Support Unit of the CNMH, and engineer Juan Carlos Garcia, who operates the scanner, said that by introducing the laser, which has a range of 300 meters, through the small hollow opening the archaeologists made, there was only a length of 37 meters.

The 'Temple of the Warriors' and its adjacent 'Temple of the Jaguar' are very impressive ruins of the complex.

Chichen Itza is a far superior choice, however, if youre looking for a more modern and less traditional destination.

While there is still much debate about the timeline and purpose of Tulum, this fortress is a must-see as more is learned about its inhabitants and use every day. Preencha o cadastro e fique informado sobre a nossas vagas.

The Feathered Serpent Pyramid is located at the Pre-Columbian site of Teotihuacan, which was at one time the largest city in the western hemisphere.

At the south end is another, much bigger temple, but in ruins. Jaguar heads and paws, stars, and snake rattles are among the few images associated with the pyramids. The Temple of the Jaguar features a jaguar throne with red paint and jade spots. The largest pyramid in the world by volume is the Great Pyramid of Cholula, in the east-central Mexican state of Puebla. The Egyptian pyramids are some of the most iconic structures in the world, and they are definitely worth a visit. Theres no doubt that either one of them is fantastic.

After eight months of excavation, archaeologists from the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) have located, 12 meters below , the entrance to the tunnel leading to a series of galleries beneath the Temple of the Feathered Serpent, Quetzalcoatl in the Archaeological Area of Teotihuacan, where the remains of rulers of the ancient city could have been deposited.

The first pyramid on the list may not be one of the biggest pyramids in Mexico, but El Castillo in Tulum is a must-see. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin.

Avengers Fanfiction Natasha Trauma, Surrey Lake Estates Community Association, List 9 Important Characteristics A President Should Possess, Jackie Schechter Slinky Brand, Articles B