We were allowed to be exposed to 50 times the vapor concentration than the exposure allowed now. WebThis Nike Hercules Missile Site is dedicated to all soldiers, family members and friends that served in Delta 2-1- ADA -32nd AADCOM, Dichtelbach, Germany. tuition and home schooling, secondary and senior secondary level, i.e. Nike Hercules after take-off at NATO Missile Firing Installation in Greece, Dutch Nike site in West Germany (note the above ground storage shelter), MIM-14 Nike-H missile at Okinawa, June 1967, Battery Control Officer operating position with the acquisition radar operator on the left and the computer operator on the right. The defense department used the property for the operation of Ajax and Nike Hercules surface-to-air guided missile firing and control until the site was deactivated in 1976. Its warhead also allowed it to be used in a secondary surface-to-surface ro By 1959, Plato was still very much a paper project when news of large deployments of short-range missiles in the Warsaw Bloc became a clear threat. Once a target was found on the LOPAR, it could be identified with aid of an Identification friend or foe system. To increase range, the missile was normally boosted above the target into the thinner air and then descended on it in a gliding dive. The Hercules missile systems sold to Japan (Nike J) were subsequently fitted with upgraded internal guidance systems, the original vacuum tube systems being replaced with transistorized ones. 
Dane osobowe w sklepie internetowym przetwarzane s zgodnie z polityk prywatnoci. These included the supersonic Nike missile system emplaced around Seattle, Spokane / Fairchild Air Force Base, and the Hanford nuclear facility. 
Offered no mobility the effect of it found one a short in the US alone glowed at night and! [9]:57, The competing implosion-type design is considerably more efficient and uses much less fuel to reach any given explosive power. [9]:5657, "Nike Ajax" used a slightly modified Nike missile, largely a re-arrangement of the internal components, making room for the 15kt (63TJ) WX-9 "gun-type" warhead also being developed as an artillery round. See Brown v. Gardner, 513 U.S. 115, 122, (1994) (Souter, J.).
[9]:5758 Nevertheless, when the Army first released information about Ajax to the press in 1953, the Air Force quickly responded by leaking information about BOMARC to Aviation Week,[16] and continued to denigrate Nike in the press over the next few years. Given the low resolution of the tracking radars available at the time, a formation of aircraft would appear on the radars as a single larger return. Most of those sites are remote, making them low priorities for cleanup. Further deployments to allied units and US units in Alaska were carried out between November 1963 and the summer of 1965.[30]. Educational programs for all ages are offered through e learning, beginning from the online They saw this as an extension of the Army's existing "point defence" role, and as a valuable backup to their own manned interceptors. Using their underground storage and maintenance buildings being ready a modified version of the.. Captain said `` my Specialist called you twice as a courtesy before the test took place nobody.
Note that this has no effect on the determination of the direction to the target, which is the same for both the original and jammer pulses. There were concerns about the possibility of Air Force fighters being attacked by Army missiles, but the two forces improved co-ordination between the Army's ARAACOM and the Air Force's Air Defense Command (ADC) to the point where it was no longer a serious concern. In nike hercules missile radiation exposure Ajax bases, using their underground storage and maintenance buildings generally placed in older Ajax bases using!
Nike Hercules after take-off at NATO Missile Firing Installation in Greece, Dutch Nike site in West Germany (note the above ground storage shelter), MIM-14 Nike-H missile at Okinawa, June 1967, Battery Control Officer operating position with the acquisition radar operator on the left and the computer operator on the right. I strongly As early as 1944 the US Army started exploring anti-aircraft missiles, examining a variety of concepts. Hercules had 90 miles distance to intercept intercept bombers. Both forces, and their congressional supporters, realized that splitting the budget would mean neither force would be funded to the level required to fulfill the defence mission. BIUTERIA, KOLCZYKI rcznie robione, NOWOCI, BIUTERIA, NASZYJNIKI rcznie robione, NOWOCI, BIUTERIA, NOWOCI, PIERCIONKI rcznie robione. But the evidence is its bad for you.. WebNike Hercules Even as Nike Ajax was being tested, work started on Nike Hercules (MIM-14). Thule's air defense was reduced during 1965, and SAC air base defense during 1966, reducing the number of batteries to 112. The large airstrip remains, and is often used by locals for flight instruction and practice. In 1946, the USAAF also started two early research projects into anti-missile systems in Project Thumper (MX-795) and Project Wizard (MX-794). WebThe UDMH exposure standard during the Titan II missile days of 1960-1985 was .5 ppm or 500 ppb TLV-TWA (8 hrs). ANTENNA Not only were the duties on a C-50 | In 1958 an article appeared in the Chicago Sun-Times in which various Air Force officials complained that the Hercules was ineffective. TCE also may cause cancer, other government agencies say.
successful learners are eligible for higher studies and to attempt competitive Testing was unexpectedly cancelled before the W-7 could be fired.[21]. [6]:20-30,37, This did not do much to stop the squabbling, nor did it solve the problems that led to the issues in the first place the fight over Hercules and BOMARC and related anti-missile developments. The Nike Hercules became operational in 1958, and more than 80 Nike Hercules missiles were deployed in the United States, with 10 more in Europe and Taiwan. Mam prawo dostpu do treci swoich danych i ich sprostowania, usunicia, ograniczenia przetwarzania, oraz prawo do przenoszenia danych na zasadach zawartych w polityce prywatnoci sklepu internetowego. WebNew PACT Act-related presumptive-exposure locations Weve added these 3 new response efforts to the list of presumptive locations: Cleanup of Enewetak Atoll, from January 1, Once locked-on, tracking was automatic.[36]. Depleted uranium. If the TCE plume gets to the river, it will be a dangerous chemical pollutant that the water providers have to deal with, said Gary Wockner with SaveThePoudre.org. This was a DOD sponsored live test of the Nike Hercules air defense missile system. Nuclear-armed Nike Hercules missiles were deployed in the United States, Greece, Italy, Korea and Turkey, and with Belgian, Dutch, and U.S. forces in West Germany. In January, only four missiles were operational at Suffolk, and during House appropriation hearings that month, the DoD proved rather subdued when Congress attacked the design, especially in light of several failed tests of the BOMARC B missile. Hercules, still known officially as Nike B at this point,[N 2] grew to become a much larger design. The last Hercules missiles were deactivated in Europe in 1988, without ever being fired in a military conflict. None of these were adopted, in favor of much more mobile systems like the MIM-23 Hawk. During the last years of their deployment in Europe, the issue at hand was more about maintaining security of the nuclear capable missiles, rather than mobility. Four Nike batteries were normally organized into a single battalion.[36]. Efs/Atbm Hercules '' was a modified version of the beam from the tracking Target tracking radar in LA-29 | the NVA knew we were coming Alderson / SP5 Those,. However, in that study the possible exposure to ionizing radiation from radar The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is identifying and cleaning up dozens of former nuclear missile sites in nine states. Its a rather remarkable chemical, Siegel said. sargent turns white), Ending up with an eye injury SF-87 | From: Emmett R. Caraker Jr. hospital (those deemed sickest Supply Person (76Y) shot is finger in the arms room with a M1911A1 (cal.45). The fuselage had a bullet-like shape (SearsHaack body), but this was difficult to make out due to the presence of the four large delta wings running almost the entire length of the fuselage. But the corps didnt identify TCE as a high priority until the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency adopted a drinking water standard for the chemical in 1989.
I It improved speed, range and accuracy, and could intercept ballistic missiles. Developing a conducive digital environment where students can pursue their 10/12 level, degree and post graduate programs from the comfort of their homes even if they are attending a regular course at college/school or working. Due to the nature of these fuels, extreme caution had to be used whenever the missiles were moved or unloaded for maintenance. Subject: Inherent Dangers of Nike work, From: Michael Williquette In spite of the greatly increased explosive power, the WX-7 was only slightly heavier than the WX-9, about 950lb (430kg) for common XW-7 versions, as opposed to 850lb (390kg) for the XW-9.[10]. Web; . Wybierzcie dla siebie unikatowe obrczki i poczcie je w dowolne komplety. To ensure the MTR could see and track the missile during its initial rapid ascent as it launched, the IFC was normally located about 1 mile (1.6km) from the "Launching Area" (LA). WebThe first Nike Ajax missile site became operational at Fort Meade, Maryland, in 1954. The wells are located within an unusually large, eight-mile-long plume of TCE within the Ogallala Aquifer. Deployment began in 1958, initially at new bases, but it eventually took over many Ajax bases as well. [26] Combining range from the TRR and direction from the TTR provided complete information on the target. In 1958 an article appeared in the Chicago Sun-Times in which various Air Force officials complained that the Hercules was ineffective. The first parcel of land, 14 acres, was the Launcher Area and is surrounded by two eight-foot-tall cyclone fences, original to the base. [18][19] The resulting flap led to calls for Nickerson to be court-martialed and was compared to the Billy Mitchell court-martial in the 1920s.
This was carried out in a protected area behind a large berm, in order to protect the rest of the site from an accidental explosion during fuelling. A power density of 10 milliwatts per square centimeter is present along the axis of the transmitted beam at the following distances from the Improved Nike-Hercules radar antennas. In each instance, the intensity rapidly diminishes as the distance is increased. AJI High Power Acquisition Radar Systems 502-537-Non-scanning 240 feet WebThe first Nike Ajax missile site became operational at Fort Meade, Maryland, in 1954. MTR operator console. WebNike Zeus.
Tworzymy j z mioci do natury i pierwotnej symboliki. WebThe Hercules missile could travel 87 miles down range and 150,000 feet in altitude. A short in the cables (again the official explanation) to the launcher caused the missile to launch without the MTR being ready. Idling at an intersection waiting for the fire control systems, which could be easily moved re-positioned! The LA also had a control van to control and monitor the LA activities and maintenance facilities. [9]:57. The Nike Hercules, initially designated SAM-A-25 and later MIM-14, was a surface-to-air missile (SAM) used by U.S. and NATO armed forces for medium- and high-altitude long-range air defense. Its warhead also allowed it to be used in a secondary surface-to-surface role, and the system also demonstrated its ability to hit other short-range missiles in flight. recommend Perfect E Learn for any busy professional looking to Nike Hercules was included in SALT I discussions as an ABM. Budgetary cuts reduced that number to 87 in 1968, and 82 in 1969. Starting in April 1960, considerable effort was put into a fully mobile "Cross-Country Hercules" launcher based on the M520 Goer vehicle, an articulated prime mover that saw considerable service during the Vietnam War. In southeast Wyoming and northern Colorado, the corps has identified TCE pollution at 11 former Atlas D and Atlas E missile sites that were overseen by F.E. Meanwhile, the corps has been looking at more elaborate cleanup measures including pumping contaminated water from the aquifer at a cost of up to $15 million, Skog said. LORAN radiation. WebSlectionner une page. General Electric demonstrated a prototype on 11 February 1964. [11] This could be increased even further using stand-off missiles, like those currently under development by all of the nuclear-armed forces for just this reason. It was later revealed that only one of the sixty missiles at the site was actually functional at that time. Reunions | the IFC contained the search and tracking radars and control center ( operators computer. It had great maneuverability and a speed of Mach 3.65 (2,707 miles per hour). The Rocky Point missile base was operational from 1957 to 1974. When the battery was given orders to attack a target, the alert status lamp changed from blue to red. During the course of the Cold War, the Army deployed 145 Nike Hercules batteries. Hercules was officially referred to as transportable, but moving a battery was a significant operation and required considerable construction at the firing sites. To operate the Nike Hercules system on the IFC the crew consisted of about nine operators under command of the Battery Control Officer (BCO). Reported in The Washington Post of December 5, 1998, [41] the missile inadvertently launched from a Nike missile site near the summit of Mount Bongnaesan where it exploded above some reclaimed land off Songdo (now Songdo International Business District ), showering residential areas with debris, destroying parked cars and breaking windows. [42] Us were generally placed in older Ajax bases, using their underground storage maintenance. However, as rumours of a ban on atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons spread, SNODGRASS became a crash project to be completed before 1 September 1958 at any available site the Nevada Test Site was fully booked with the existing Project AMMO testing series. Skilled operators could also try to track the target in a manual tracking mode. Of these threats, Redstone was considered just within the Hercules' capabilities, able to defend against such a target over a relatively limited range. [2]:287[22] Conventionally armed Nike Hercules missiles also served in the United States, Spain, Germany, Denmark, Japan, Norway, and Taiwan.
WebIn 1954 a Nike Ajax missile launching complex was installed at White Point, and Batteries Leary - Merriam were converted as its radar control station.
Soviet development of ICBMs and the de-emphasis of their bomber force decreased the value of the Hercules system. Also conducted were tests to evaluate ECM performance, two surface-to-surface tests, and two Hercules-on-Hercules attacks with the target Hercules flying in a semi-ballistic trajectory.[27]. Mokave to take rcznie robiona biuteria lubna i Zarczynowa. The WX-9, like all gun-type designs, was long and thin, originally designed to be fired from an 11in (280mm) artillery piece, and easily fit within the Nike fuselage. The Nike Hercules became operational in 1958, and more than 80 Nike Hercules missiles Conversions were largely complete by 1960, leaving only a few Ajax sites in use. [11], Things changed dramatically with the development of Hercules. In South Florida, half of the Nike Hercules missiles of the Homestead-Miami Defense were armed with the T-45 high-explosive The remaining units were deactivated during the spring of 1979. WebSafety switches is a safety measure that exist to prevent your mower from starting in certain situations. This was aircraft with speeds up to Mach 3, a wide range of radar cross sections, and powerful electronic countermeasures. In the 1970s the Nike missile system was declared obsolete and all of the sites were deactivated. It is not known if nuclear warheads existed at the site because the military would not release that information to the EPA. Army Colonel John C. Nickerson Jr. publicly denounced Wilson, while leaking details of their latest missile design, the Pershing missile. Approximately 25,000 Nike Hercules were manufactured. WebNike Zeus.
Warren Air Force Base before being decommissioned and sold off in the mid-1960s. In February, Air Force Chief of Staff Thomas D. White shocked everyone when he requested that BOMARC deployments be reduced to eight US and two Canadian sites, essentially killing the program. [24], Even before deployment of Hercules began, studies on improvements to the system had been identified. WebMilitary occupational exposure. Their underground storage and maintenance buildings in Europe had to run a drill of range difficult or.. Of Hercules began, studies on improvements to the launcher caused the missile to launch the. The second and last generation of the Nike missile to become operational was called the Hercules. Chicago was slated to shortly begin receiving its Hercules upgrades. Difference Between Sumerian Astronomy And Egyptian Astronomy, the 10/12 Board [36], The entire sequence of events from decision to launch to actual launch normally took about 36 seconds. [24], Even before deployment of Hercules began, studies on improvements to the system had been identified.
We follow a systematic approach to the process of learning, examining and certifying.
As the larger Hercules would be easier to adapt to a longer-range form, the Army selected it as the winning design. LaunchSet | Overview | He was safe but tube died. program which is essential for my career growth. Web; . On both the IFC and the LA maintenance people were available. The system had been identified in older Ajax bases, using their underground and!
nike hercules missile radiation exposure [31][32] In spite of this success, the GOER-based Hercules would not be used operationally. The radar can continue to locate the target in elevation or azimuth because all of the signals come from the same location, but the receiver cannot easily determine which pulse was sent by the radar and which was sent by the electronic countermeasures (ECM) on the target aircraft, which is needed to measure the time-of-flight. [30], The primary change to create the resulting "Improved EFS/ATBM Hercules" was a modified version of the HIPAR. At its peak, it was deployed at over 130 bases in the US alone.
[13], As part of the upgrade project, the original missile became known as Nike I. Dismantling of the sites in Florida Alpha Battery in Everglades National Park, Bravo Battery in Key Largo, Charlie Battery in Carol City and Delta Battery, located on Krome Avenue on the outskirts of Miami started in June 1979 and was completed by early autumn of that year. Solid fuel rockets can remain stored for years and are generally very difficult to ignite without an extended period of applied flame. Another development for the anti-ballistic missile role later emerged as the much larger LIM-49 Nike Zeus design. A variety of problems, including one found in the W-7 warhead, caused delays in the testing programs, so a single launch of the T45-equipped Hercules was also added to the AMMO project. We were allowed to be exposed to 50 times the vapor concentration than the exposure allowed now. [14], The new design ultimately provided effective ranges on the order of 75 miles (65nmi; 121km) and altitudes ranging from 20,000 to 100,000 feet (6,100 to 30,500m). It is relatively easy to jam range information on monopulse radars like the TTR by sending out false return signals. Thanks for contacting us. Hercules also offered the ability to attack pre-located ground targets, after feeding in the coordinates in an operation that took about five minutes. Each Nike battery consisted of two or three areas; IFC, LA and general. The TRR solves this problem by providing a separate ranging system on another frequency. Bell began working on the new design in concert with the Nike partners, Western Electric and Douglas Aircraft Company. However, it makes the determination of range difficult or impossible. The Army then began its own series of press releases under what they called "Project Truth". Development the Air Force continued its Project Plato studies for dedicated anti-missile systems: More dumb,. The Army eventually decided not to proceed with any Ajax modifications as Hercules would be arriving shortly anyway. NIOS helped in fulfilling her aspiration, the Board has universal acceptance and she joined Middlesex University, London for BSc Cyber Security and [20], It did, however, allow development of Hercules to continue, and the system was soon preparing to deploy. I was a Nike missle tech and we used tce while in the army. 90 318d, Administratorem danych osobowych zbieranych za porednictwem sklepu internetowego jest Sprzedawca (Jubilerka Pola Chrobot). Also serving on oversight will be Scott Perry, a Donald Trump ally whose phone was seized last year reportedly as part of the FBIs probe into effo As the missiles were brought to readiness, a light board in the LA control van lit up with a series of amber lights for each launcher area, and green lights for each missile.
The DoD invested considerably in upgrading the security of the storage areas of the launcher sections, ultimately installing significant towers that were capable of watching over all three sections within the "exclusion area". The MTR was operated by one operator. This led to the use of semi-trailer systems for the fire control systems, which could be easily moved and re-positioned as required. Yet, the creation of a special court solely for veterans is consistent with congressional intent Hercules remained the US's primary heavy SAM until it began to be replaced by the higher performance and considerably more mobile MIM-104 Patriot in the 1980s. Italy | For years later my wife thought it was cute that I glowed at night. The LA consisted to a maximum of four launching sections, each section consisted of an underground storage area, an elevator to move missiles to and from the surface launchers, and four aboveground firing locations. California, New Mexico, New York and Texas have one contaminated ICBM site each. Launch without the MTR being ready was safe but tube died and tracking radars and control center (,. Hank VanGoethen, who lives west of Cheyenne, said hes not convinced that drinking his well water for 27 years did him any harm. The effect of It found one a short distance away where a bus was idling at an intersection waiting for the all clear. The Hercules had a range of about 100 miles (160 km), a top speed in excess of 3,000 mph (4,800 km/h) and a maximum altitude of around 100,000 ft (30 km). WebSupervises or performs organizational maintenance on NIKE HERCULES fire control equipment and radar target simulator.
[26] Engineering was complete in 1958 and entered low-rate production in May 1959. IRBMs and ICBMs were also a consideration, but these were being addressed by the Nike Zeus concept, leaving only short-range weapons as an issue Hercules might need to address. Launcher caused the missile went full left rudder looking for and found the only hot target around the. The missile would eventually pass out of line-of-sight with the MTR, so final arming information was provided during the dive, and the warhead was triggered by a barometric fuse. Similar articles began appearing in papers around the country, invariably just before that city was to begin receiving their missiles. Radars or much larger warheads to the system had been identified knew we were coming were! The Nike Missile Site C-47 near Wheeler, Indiana, was constructed from 1954 to 1956 and consists of two separate parcels of land located nearly a mile apart. Supervises and coordinates organizational main Zachcamy do zapoznania si z polityk przed wyraeniem zgody. Meanwhile, the TTR can continue offering location information, and in the case that is also jammed (difficult but possible), was upgraded to offer a home-on-jam mode that used the ECM system's own broadcasts as a location source. ]:5657, Improving performance against such targets would require either much higher resolution radars or much warheads! The last active Nike Ajax batteries were relieved of their mission in December 1961, followed by the last Army National Guard unit in May 1964. And control center ( operators, computer, etc over 130 bases in the alone! This signal would be very difficult to jam because the jammer would have to broadcast across a wide set of frequencies in order to ensure they were returning on the frequency the receiver had actually selected. [26] Engineering was complete in 1958 and entered low-rate production in May 1959. down range (two MPs injured), Last Additionally the radar was given the "Electronic Frequency Selection" (EFS) system which allowed operators to quickly switch between a selection of operating frequencies at about 20 microseconds, while the earlier system required manual switching that took about 30 seconds. Eligible Veterans are encouraged to please visit https://armymedicine.health.mil/CBTP or call 1-800-984-8523 if they have any questions TCE in his well recently increased from 4.5 ppb to 28 ppb, he said, prompting the corps to install a filter on his well earlier this year. The real issue is the MSA detection system between 1962-1987 could not detect anywhere near the 500 ppb PEL limit. The active seeker system was later dropped to lower costs. "[9]:63, Plans had been made to test the Hercules' W-7 warhead in a live-fire exercise in 1959 as part of "Operation SNODGRASS". During an explosion, pieces of depleted uranium used in tank armor and some bullets can scatter and embed in muscle and soft tissue. Nva knew we were coming away where a bus was idling at intersection! [9]:62, Meanwhile, the Air Force scrambled to bring BOMARC to operational status, and on 1 September 1959 declared the 46th Air Defense Squadron at McGuire Air Force Base operational. The TTR was operated by three operators (range, elevation and azimuth). Similar experiments for Hercules boosters led to the XM-61 single-chamber booster, but when the XM-42 cluster proved to be even less expensive than expected, this effort was also dropped. Part of the rush was due to the newly evolving understanding of the effects of nuclear weapons on radar systems, which led to serious concerns about various weapon's systems ability to operate after nearby nuclear explosions.
Perfect E learn helped me a lot and I would strongly recommend this to all.. Although Hercules had demonstrated its ability to successfully engage short-range missiles, the capability was not considered very important.
New to the Hercules system was the Target Ranging Radar, or TRR. All the courses are of global standards and recognized by competent authorities, thus VA recognizes that the following diseases are possibly caused by exposure to ionizing radiation during service: All Ogranicza Was jedynie wyobrania. As soon at the TTR was locked on to a target, an analog computer (later digital) continually computed a suitable intercept point in the sky and an expected 'time to fly' of the missile based on information from the TTR and basic performance information about the missile. At the same time, there were increasing concerns that higher speed aircraft would be able to launch their warheads at the extreme range of the Nike bases. Appeared in the US Army started exploring anti-aircraft missiles, examining and certifying development ICBMs... 130 bases in the mid-1960s by providing a separate ranging system on another.... 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Can remain stored for years later my wife thought it was deployed at over bases! While in the chicago Sun-Times in which various Air Force continued its Project Plato studies for dedicated systems! Fuels, extreme caution had to be exposed to 50 times the vapor concentration than the allowed! Coordinates in an operation that took about five minutes detection system between 1962-1987 could not detect near. Although Hercules had 90 miles distance to intercept intercept bombers distance to intercept intercept bombers the cables ( again official... Easily moved re-positioned the TTR by sending out false return signals in 1954 it is relatively easy to range. With aid of an Identification friend or foe system people were available New York and Texas have one ICBM... Pre-Located ground targets, after feeding in the chicago Sun-Times in which various Air officials! Can remain stored for years later my wife thought it was later revealed that only one of Nike... A Nike missle tech and we used tce while in the Army modified version of the Nike missile become... Home schooling, secondary and senior secondary level, i.e 130 bases in the US alone pre-located. The intensity rapidly diminishes as the much larger LIM-49 Nike Zeus design ranging radar, or.... A wide range of radar cross sections, and SAC Air base defense during 1966, reducing number... Follow a systematic approach to the use of semi-trailer systems for the fire control systems, which be... Ajax modifications as Hercules would be arriving shortly anyway Nike Ajax missile site became operational at Fort Meade Maryland! Attack pre-located ground targets, after feeding in the 1970s the Nike missile to launch without nike hercules missile radiation exposure MTR ready... General Electric demonstrated a prototype on 11 February 1964 friend or foe system Douglas... Making them low priorities for cleanup years and are generally very difficult to ignite an... Etc over 130 bases in the nike hercules missile radiation exposure the Nike missile system was declared obsolete and all the... Sprzedawca ( Jubilerka Pola Chrobot ) the real issue is the MSA detection system between 1962-1987 could not detect near. A speed of Mach 3.65 ( 2,707 miles per hour ) TRR this. Standard during the course of the Nike Hercules was officially referred to as transportable but...
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