[337], The London Underground provides busking permits for up to 39 pitches across 25 central London stations, with over 100,000 hours of live music performed each year. [273] Frank Pick, impressed by the Paris Metro, thought the solid red disc cumbersome and took a version where the disc became a ring from a 1915 Sharland poster and gave it to Edward Johnston to develop, and registered the symbol as a trademark in 1917. By Ben Lynch. The London Underground lines listed from longest to shortest. [102][103], As of 2021, the Underground serves 272 stations. There are 20 miles (32km) of cut-and-cover tunnel and 93 miles (150km) of tube tunnel. [10] The system serves 272 stations and has 250 miles (400km) of track. [16] The Underground first started accepting contactless debit and credit cards in September 2014. Many of the 270 stations serve more than one of the 11 lines running below the streets of London. Three South Western Railway passenger trains a day use District Line tracks between Wimbledon and East Putney.
This line is important in this project because it currently provides a less frequent service than other lines. [311] Johnston was redesigned, becoming New Johnston, for photo-typesetting in the early 1980s when Elichi Kono designed a range that included Light, Medium and Bold, each with its italic version. Stock on sub-surface lines is identified by a letter (such as S Stock, used on the Metropolitan line), while tube stock is identified by the year of intended introduction[131] (for example, 1996 Stock, used on the Jubilee line). In the 2010s, the 18.8bn Crossrail project built a new eastwest railway tunnel under central London. [44] Only the Metropolitan Railway, along with its subsidiaries the Great Northern & City Railway and the East London Railway, and the Waterloo & City Railway, by then owned by the main line London and South Western Railway, remained outside the Underground Group's control. This has the effect of reducing laminar airflow by 94%. Waterloo & City line capacity increased by 50% by 2032, after the track at Waterloo station is remodelled. London: Vintage Books. The table below has a breakdown of [255], Early maps of the Metropolitan and District railways were city maps with the lines superimposed,[256] and the District published a pocket map in 1897. [212] Residents born before 1951 were eligible after their 60th birthday, whereas those born in 1955 will need to wait until they are 66. [94] In 2013, the Underground celebrated its 150th anniversary, with celebratory events such as steam trains and installation of a unique Labyrinth artwork at each station.[95]. The transfer of responsibility was staged, with transfer of control of London Underground delayed until July 2003, when London Underground Limited became an indirect subsidiary of TfL. 26. Until Sunday 19 February 2023. The idea of an underground railway linking the City of London with the urban centre was proposed in the 1830s,[21] and the Metropolitan Railway was granted permission to build such a line in 1854. ", "Annual Report and Statement of Accounts 2011/12", "Contactless payment on London Underground", "Licencing London's contactless ticketing system", "Design in Relation to the Problem: The London Underground", "Celebrities of Advertising II: Frank Pick", "Frank Pick and his Influence on Design in England", "Tribute to Bank Tube station bomb victims of 1941", "Bethnal Green Tube disaster marked 70 years on", "In Living Memory, Series 11: The 1975 Moorgate tube disaster", "Kings Cross Tragedy Means Safety First For London Underground", "Elizabeth Line "more mannered" than Jubilee predecessor says head of architecture", "About TfL How we work How we are governed Subsidiary companies", "A brief history of the Underground London Underground milestones", "London tube introduces contactless payments", "Services - 541858-2020 - TED Tenders Electronic Daily", "London 2012: Games bring record London Underground users", "London Underground breaks the record again for busiest day ever on the Tube", "Elizabeth line: What is Crossrail and when does it open? [211], A concessionary fare scheme is operated by London Councils for residents who are disabled or meet certain age criteria. As at 19 March 2013[update] there had been 310days since the last major incident,[247] when a passenger had died after falling on the track. [47] An extension of the Central line west to Ealing was also delayed by the war and was completed in 1920. [284] Early District Railway stations were similar and on both railways the further from central London the station the simpler the construction. [264][265], The current standard tube map shows the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Emirates Air Line, London Tramlink and the London Underground;[266] a more detailed map covering a larger area, published by National Rail and Transport for London, includes suburban railway services. WebWhat is the least busiest Tube line in London? [77], In 1984 control of London Buses and the London Underground passed back to central government with the creation of London Regional Transport (LRT), which reported directly to the Secretary of State for Transport, still retaining the London Transport brand. [194], The Underground received 2.669billion in fares in 2016/17 and uses Transport for London's zonal fare system to calculate fares. The extension was privately funded, with contributions from developments across the Battersea Power Station, Vauxhall and Nine Elms areas. [106], London Underground's eleven lines total 402 kilometres (250mi) in length,[1] making it the seventh longest metro system in the world. Jubilee: Neasden, Stratford Market. It was the UK's deadliest terrorist incident since 1988. [236] By 2016 a third of stations had platform humps that reduce the step from platform to train. [232], The standard issue tube map indicates stations that are step-free from street to platforms. The resulting fire cost the lives of 31 people and injured a further 100. [308] A bold version of the capitals was developed by Johnston in 1929. Opened in 1863. [222], The Underground runs a limited service on Christmas Eve with some lines closing early, and does not operate on Christmas Day. [206] The Oyster card must be 'touched in' at the start and end of a journey, otherwise it is regarded as 'incomplete' and the maximum fare is charged. Meanwhile, Mayor of London Boris Johnson decided it should be demolished along with the Earls Court Exhibition Centre as part of Europe's biggest regeneration scheme. Waterloo & City, 10.6m per mile. WebThe Underground is served by the following depots: Bakerloo: Stonebridge Park, Queen's Park, London Road. [227], Night Tube services were suspended in March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. ", "Transport accessibility Wheelchair access & avoiding stairs", "Debden Underground station becomes step-free", "Fares & payments Replacements & refunds Charter refunds", "London Underground: Millions not claiming Tube refund", "Apps that help you get money back on Delays", "Quarterly Health, Safety and Environment Performance Reports Quarter 3, 2012/13", "Quarterly Health, Safety and Environment Performance Reports Quarter 4, 2011/12", "Mock tube station gives London Underground staff real-life training", "Tube suicides rise 74% over last 10 years", "Effect of station design on death in the London Underground: observational study", "Fastest time to travel to all London Underground stations", "When Topology Trumped Topography: Celebrating 90 Years of Beck's Underground Map", "London underground's 150th birthday celebrated in Google doodle", "Google Doodle Marks 150 Years Of The London Underground", "Ten years of artists' tube map covers in pictures", "100 artists celebrate 100 years of Tube logo", "100 Years, 100 Artists, 100 Works of Art", "Tate gives Tube roundels at Southwark station a modern makeover", "Conserving Heritage Tiles on the London Underground: Challenges and Approaches", "London Underground's Edwardian Tile Patterns", "Underground Journeys: Charles Holden's designs for London Transport", "Big names call for rethink on Jubilee Line listing refusals", "London Transport Posters: Frank Pick's vision", "Daniel Buren completes installation at Tottenham Court Road tube station", "The Frank Pick Roundel At Piccadilly Circus", "Mapped: Fictional Stations On The London Underground", "This synaesthetic composer turned the tube map into music", "London Underground Calling: Buskers Audition To Play On The Tube", "From the physics of interacting polymers to optimizing routes on the London Underground", "Phone Theft on the Rise in London - Get Phone Repairs", "Dadds, Hannah | Explore 20th Century London", "Too Close For Comfort: Passengers' experiences of the London Underground", London Underground history in a dynamic timeline map, Documents and clippings about London Underground, Lower Thames and Medway Passenger Boat Company, Westminster Passenger Services Association, Local rail transport in the United Kingdom, Metropolitan Railway electric multiple units, Metropolitan Railway electric locomotives, Brompton & Piccadilly Circus Railway Railway, Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London_Underground&oldid=1148151445, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from May 2013, Articles needing additional references from June 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2013, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Articles slanted towards recent events from May 2022, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2022, Articles with Structurae structure identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The line between Campbell Road junction (now closed), near. [141], New S Stock trains have been introduced on the sub-surface (District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle) lines. [98] Although not part of the Underground, the line connects with several Underground stations. [92], During the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, the Underground saw record ridership levels, with over 4.3 million people using the Tube on some days. [268][269], Commissioned by Art on the Underground, the cover of the pocket map is designed by various British and international artists, one of the largest public art commissions in the UK. Which Tube line is most frequent? [26] The Metropolitan and District railways completed the Circle line in 1884,[27] built using the cut and cover method. The study had showed that, with new generation trains and re-signalling: The project is estimated to cost 16.42 billion (9.86billion at 2013 prices). Not to be confused with, London Underground patronage by line in 202021, * Only rapid transit systems in the European parts of Russia and Turkey are shown. WebE uston rail station will be closed for four days and there will be no Elizabeth line trains in central London over the Easter holidays. Clapham Common. It is one of the oldest and most extensive metro networks in the world, with 11 lines and over 250 stations. [326][327] Major commissions by Art on the Underground in recent years have included Labyrinth by Turner prize winning artist Mark Wallinger to mark the 150th anniversary of the London Underground,[328] "Diamonds and Circles" permanent works "in situ" by French artist Daniel Buren at Tottenham Court Road[329] and "Beauty < Immortality", a memorial to Frank Pick by Langlands & Bell at Piccadilly Circus. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walk-through trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. The London Underground first opened in 1863, running between Paddington (then known as Bishops Road) and Farringdon Street on what is now part of the Circle, Hammersmith and City and Metropolitan lines. Steps at street level between stations (Zones 1-2) PDF 589KB. WebThe Underground is served by the following depots: Bakerloo: Stonebridge Park, Queen's Park, London Road. The New Tube for London, which will replace the trains for the Bakerloo, Central, Waterloo and City and Piccadilly lines, is planned to have air conditioning for the new trains along with better energy conservation and regenerative braking.[129][171][172]. [39] In the early 20th century, the District and Metropolitan railways needed to electrify and a joint committee recommended an AC system, the two companies co-operating because of the shared ownership of the inner circle. [181] After the fatal 1987 King's Cross fire, all wooden escalators were replaced with metal ones and the mechanisms are regularly degreased to lower the potential for fires. [312], Early advertising posters used various letter fonts. Part closure. Two platforms serve the subsurface Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines with the remaining six platforms are deep Tube lines of the Northern, Piccadilly and Victoria lines with two platforms each. The Piccadilly line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. Opened on 10 January 1863,[6] it is now part of the Circle, District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. 34 stations. 191 trains have been introduced: 58 for the Metropolitan line and 133 for the Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines. [237] New trains, such as those being introduced on the sub-surface network, have access and room for wheelchairs, improved audio and visual information systems and accessible door controls.
[124], London Underground trains come in two sizes, larger sub-surface trains and smaller deep-tube trains. [224] The Night Tube proposal was originally scheduled to start on 12 September 2015, following completion of upgrades, but in August 2015 it was announced that the start date for the Night Tube had been pushed back because of ongoing talks about contract terms between trade unions and London Underground. [230] A 2010 London Assembly report concluded that over 10% of people in London had reduced mobility[231] and, with an ageing population, numbers will increase in the future. Underground. Public rapid transit system in London, UK, This article is about the rapid transit system in London. WebGreater London is served by 11 Tube lines, along with the Docklands Light Railway (DLR), the London Overground, the Elizabeth line and National Rail services. Trains: represented by two parallel lines (=). It is one of the oldest and most extensive metro networks in the world, with 11 lines and over 250 stations. The 11 lines collectively handle up to 5million passenger journeys a day and serve 272 stations. In others, such as British Museum, all evidence of the station has been lost through demolition. [156][157] The fully automated trains may be able to run without drivers,[158] but the ASLEF and RMT trade unions that represent the drivers strongly oppose this, saying it would affect safety. [37] Robyn Denny designed the murals on the Northern line platforms at Embankment. A route from Elephant & Castle to Lewisham via the Old Kent Road and New Cross Gate was chosen by Transport for London in 2019. Central line capacity increased by 25% with 33 tph at peak times by 2030. Passengers travelling without a valid ticket must pay a penalty fare of 80 (40 if paid within 21days) and can be prosecuted for fare evasion under the Regulation of Railways Act 1889 and Transport for London Byelaws. Central, 5.7m per mile. On social media, email or the website, our Bakerloo, 7.7m per mile. These were constructed in 1926 to aid drainage of water from the platforms, but also halve the likelihood of a fatality when a passenger falls or jumps in front of a train.[252][253][254]. The Metropolitan Line goes all the way to Buckinghamshire (Image: Nilfanion - created using Ordnance Survey data) Jubilee line - 36.2km. Jubilee: Neasden, Stratford Market. Central, 5.7m per mile. [221] Some lines are occasionally closed for scheduled engineering work at weekends. [287] Clark would later design "Chiltern Court", the large, luxurious block of apartments at Baker Street, that opened in 1929. London Underground has been known as the Tube since 1890 due to the shape of the tunnels. Over 28 stations will have lifts installed over the next 10 years, bringing the total of step-free stations to over 100. Browse the list of London Tube stations below to find out more about famous and lesser-known London Tube stops, how to access them, what London Underground lines they serve and more. [229] The stations on the Jubilee Line Extension, opened in 1999, were the first stations on the system designed with accessibility in mind, but retrofitting accessibility features to the older stations is a major investment that is planned to take over twenty years. WebMetropolitan Line. Use our travel tools to check your travel. [249] A special staff training facility was opened at West Ashfield tube station in TFL's Ashfield House, West Kensington in 2010 at a cost of 800,000. By Ben Lynch. Central: Hainault, Ruislip, White City. Part closure. 
London E20 1JN. [228], Accessibility for people with limited mobility was not considered when most of the system was built, and before 1993 fire regulations prohibited wheelchairs on the Underground. [205] Fares for single journeys are cheaper than paper tickets, and a daily cap limits the total cost in a day to the price of a Day Travelcard. Walking times between stations including National Rail (Zones 1-3) PDF 322KB. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walkthrough trains and a new automatic signalling system. The London Underground lines listed from longest to shortest. The trains have been replaced with 47 new higher-capacity 2009-stock trains. Originally a joint Great Western and Metropolitan railways service, the line first appeared separately on the tube map in 1990. WebThe Underground is served by the following depots: Bakerloo: Stonebridge Park, Queen's Park, London Road. Estimated to cost between 4.7bn to 7.9bn (in 2017 prices), the extension would take around 7 years to construct. [185] Lift and escalators are abundant with advertising posters which can be used for artistic purposes due to the nature of their layout. [163] In 1938 approval was given for a ventilation improvement programme, and a refrigeration unit was installed in a lift shaft at Tottenham Court Road. [237][130], During peak hours, stations can get so crowded that they need to be closed. They argued this would reduce travel times to Epping and London, and help with efforts to add 19,000 new homes to the town and expand the population to 130,000. District, 5.2m per mile. WebSearch for Tube station or line (e.g. WebSearch for Tube station or line (e.g. [271][272] The word "UNDERGROUND" was placed in a roundel instead of a station name on posters in 1912 by Charles Sharland and Alfred France, as well as on undated and possibly earlier posters from the same period. Lewisham used to be served by the East London line (stations at New Cross and New Cross Gate). During March 2023, the Northern Line became the latest Tube line to see the arrival of Vodafone 5G at Archway and Tufnell Park stations, It is great that Vodafone customers are now able to benefit again from free WiFi at London Underground stations, which has been a massive benefit for those using the Tube for more than 10 years.
Save. [87] Despite this, substantial investment to upgrade and modernise the Tube has taken place - with new trains (such as London Underground S7 and S8 Stock), new signalling, upgraded stations (such as King's Cross St Pancras) and improved accessibility (such as at Green Park). [304], The first posters used various type fonts, as was contemporary practice,[306] and station signs used sans serif block capitals. [282], An early form of the roundel as used on the platform at Ealing Broadway, The form used today outside Westminster tube station, Roundel and "way out" arrow on a platform at Bethnal Green station, Michael Craig-Martin's 2016 roundel design, NO SMOKING signs using the roundel which are present only on the 1972 stock trains of the Bakerloo line, Seventy of the 272 London Underground stations use buildings that are on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, and five have entrances in listed buildings. The line is predicted to run 36 trains per hour, a 25% increase compared to the present service of 34 trains for the busiest 30 minutes in the morning and evening peaks and 2730 trains per hour during the rest of the peak. There can also be a step from platform to train as large as 12 inches (300mm) and a gap between the train and curved platforms, and these distances are marked on the map. Metropolitan line - 66.7km. Customer satisfaction with London Underground by line Q2 2019/20. [45], A joint marketing agreement between most of the companies in the early years of the 20th century included maps, joint publicity, through ticketing and UNDERGROUND signs, incorporating the first bullseye symbol,[37] outside stations in Central London. 49 stations. The first deep-level electric railway line also opened in 1890. Until Sunday 19 February 2023. The goal is to visit all the stations on the system, but not necessarily using all the lines; participants may connect between stations on foot, or by using other forms of public transport. [208], In 2014, TfL became the first public transport provider in the world to accept payment from contactless bank cards. Many of the 270 stations serve more than one of the 11 lines running below the streets of London. [91] In 2019[update], over 12 million Oyster cards and 35 million contactless cards were used, generating around 5bn in ticketing revenue. 34 stations. [275], After the UERL was absorbed into the London Passenger Transport Board in 1933, it used forms of the roundel for buses, trams and coaches, as well as the Underground. Metropolitan line - 66.7km. [303] West Ham station was built as a homage to the red brick tube stations of the 1930s, using brick, concrete and glass. [338] Performers are chosen by audition, with previous buskers including Ed Sheeran, George Michael and Rod Stewart.[339]. Piccadilly, 4.7m per mile. [100] The railway opened as the Elizabeth line in May 2022. [140], The thirty-six 1972-stock trains on the Bakerloo line have already exceeded their original design life of 40 years. [315] The Central London Railway used colour illustrations in their 1905 poster,[316] and from 1908 the Underground Group, under Pick's direction, used images of country scenes, shopping and major events on posters to encourage use of the tube. [83], In 2000, Transport for London (TfL) was created as an integrated body responsible for London's transport system. [55] In 1999, the Jubilee Line Extension project extended the Jubilee line from Green Park station through the growing Docklands to Stratford station. The line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. [300] Notable stations from this period include Moor Park, the stations of the Piccadilly line extension to Heathrow and Hillingdon. Passengers intending to travel into or out of London Victoria station over the Easter weekend are being advised to plan ahead, with line The Metropolitan line can reach speeds of 62mph (100km/h). 26. [41][42] When the "Bakerloo" was so named in July 1906, The Railway Magazine called it an undignified "gutter title". Yes, there are many stations in London connecting most parts of the UK directly. [93] This record was subsequently beaten in later years, with 4.82 million riders in December 2015. The London Underground first opened in 1863, running between Paddington (then known as Bishops Road) and Farringdon Street on what is now part of the Circle, Hammersmith and City and Metropolitan lines. , in 2014, TfL became the first deep-level electric railway line also opened in 1890 running below streets... 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