Led by the left-wing, they exerted intense pressure on the right-wing Congress ministers to avoid tampering with civil liberties. [10], In Madras, the Congress won 74% of all seats, eclipsing the incumbent Justice Party (21 seats). The objectives of the league were: To create among Muslims the feelings of loyalty towards the British Government. On 22 October 1939, Congress ministries tendered their resignations. Jinnah dissatisfied with parity of seats between Muslims and Hindus since Sikh and low Caste members would side with Hindus, leading to permanent Muslim minority. I write on politics, culture, education and economy. There was some disorder and largescale stone throwing at two mills and some policemen were injured. A. K. Explain your answer. In the overwhelmingly Muslim North-West Frontier Province, Congress won 19 out of 50 seats and was able, with minor party support, to form a ministry. L3: Simla Conference, L4: Other events; Lahore Resolution, Cripps Mission, QIM, Gandhi Jinnah Talks, Q: Gandhi Jinnah talks were more important for formation of Pakistan than QIM? This transfer of power showed that British were planning to leave India. WebIn 1937, the Muslim League was not able to form the government in any province in the provincial elections held that year as per the Government of India Act. 
[UPSC- 2022], Q. The people were able to perceive the shape of things to come, if independence were won.
Open for Applications, Swiss Government Excellence Scholarships 2023-2024 | Study in Switzerland, Top Scholarships in Europe 2023-2024 | For the International Students, Language And Literature Development Under Akbar, Contribution of Mughals in Promotion of Literature, Mughal Policy of Religious Toleration and Integration. Acceptance of Separate Electorates, gulf between two communities grew, couldnt live together, two nation theory strong. All the prisoners in both provinces were released by the end of March. British policy of repression against supporters. Elections were held in eleven provinces - Madras, Central Provinces, Bihar, Orissa, the United Provinces, the Bombay Presidency, Assam, the North-West Frontier Province, Bengal, Punjab and Sind. The muslim league had an image problem. Even Nehru commented on how little they seemed to get along. British deliberately leaked/let it known that there were going to make reforms, Indians wanted to let their demands be known, Congress agreed to demands of separate electorate. Image of the party was restored when leadership shifted from aristocrats and princes to true leaders of the people. WebThe major causes of Muslim Leagues's failure in the 1937 general Elections are as follows: 1. Success of this made Muslims realize their political strengths. 1 See answer Advertisement SumanaPaul Only 109 of the 482 seats set aside for Muslims were secured by the League. The Act provided for a limited adult franchise based on property qualifications such as land ownership and rent, and therefore favored landholders and richer farmers in rural areas.
Activity outside the legislature was to remain and legislative activity was to be coordinated together. The common Muslims saw the league leaders as aristocrats landlords, businessmen, religious leaders. No court or public authority was to recognize any custom or usage which imposed any civil disability on Harijans. Part I that dealt with all India Federation could never be enforced.
The Indian National Congress emerged in power in all the provinces except for three - Bengal, Punjab, and Sindh. Contact Us. WebThe Unionists had successfully cultivated the support of Pirs to achieve success in the 1937 elections, and the Muslim League now attempted to replicate their method of doing so. Diarchy reintroduced at Central level, so Viceroy could still make, amend laws. All Rights Reserved.
Both Viceroy Linlithgow and Muhammad Ali Jinnah were pleased with the resignations.
[25] Regional parties kept the League out of power in those provinces with Muslim majorities while in the Hindu majority provinces it was unwanted by the Congress.
and Bihar and to a certain extent in Madras, but not in Bombay. Explain your answer. On 22 October 1939, all Congress ministries were called upon to tender their resignations. For e.g. What is the Written authorization form policyholder for their insurance company to pay benefits directly to the care provider? And in a very short time, they did pass a very large amount of ameliorative legislation, trying to fulfil many of the promises made in the Congress election manifesto.
The election campaign was launched with the slogan of an independent Muslim state, even the areas were identified to be merged into the future Pakistan. There were 482 seats allocated for Muslims at the provincial level. the passing of laws enabled Harijans to enter temples. [3][4] Hence, they supported Congress in the elections for simple reasons of its pro-people and secular outlook. Disunity among aims, Hindus only wanted Self Rule. I am a social activist and educationist. 3. In the balance, the legislative and administrative record of the Congress Ministries was positive. It had no offices and impressive membership at the grass-root level. In 1913 Muslim League changed their aim from British Loyalty to Self-Rule. Many of the revolutionaries involved in the Kakori and other conspiracy cases were released. In that year the Congress won 15 Muslim and 4 Hindu seats, forming a Ministry with the results are reflected in the election returns. Provincial elections were held in British India in the winter of 1936-37 as mandated by the Government of India Act 1935. This new anti-labour mood was visible in other provinces too, where. It had no success in the North West Frontier, almost a Muslim province with 92 percent Muslims and in Sind with 72 percent Muslims. Hunters committee to set up to investigate his actions. It also demonstrated the provincial moorings of Muslim politics.
He, therefore, advised giving up of offices and starting preparations for another phase of Satyagraha. On the contrary, Indian National Congress was a comparatively much popular and organized party. This was easy because the Congress was an open party which anybody could join. 1200 injured, 400 kill. Congress was aware that British were going to leave India, exploited British post WW2 weakness. At the beginning of office acceptance, he had advised the Congress Ministries to rule without the police and the army. [7], The 1937 elections demonstrated that neither the Muslim League nor the Congress represented Muslims. 10/marks.
In Madras, too, the Government promoted the policy of internal settlement of labour disputes through government sponsored conciliation and arbitration proceedings. Jinnah was adamant with his demand of Pakistan and the Viceroy was forced to accept.
>Direct Action day started. The agrarian legislation of the Congress Ministries thus improved and secured the status of millions of tenants in zamindari areas. It stated that India would be divided into 3 parts, (Two Muslim majority, one large Indian Majority) with full provincial autonomy and right to form own constitution. I hope that the provincial, district and primary Muslim Leagues all over India will hold public meetings and pass the resolution with such modification as they may be advised, and after Jumma prayers offer prayers by way of thanksgiving for being delivered from the unjust Congress regime. The league managed to win only 109 Muslim seats out of 482 seats.
The Government of India Act 1935 increased the number of enfranchised people. and migrations of 1947.2 In the 1937 provincial elections, the league had won only two of the eighty-five Muslim seats; in the 1946 elections, so crucial to the credibility of Mohammad Ali Jinnah's demand for Pakis-tan, the league swept to victory with all but ten of the Muslim seats. [13], The Sind Legislative Assembly had 60 members. Explain, B/W 1911-1914 Hindu Muslim relations increased, After P O B reversal the Muslim League revisited Morley Minto reforms, criticized because no say in government. Yet at the same time, in the Congress provinces like, But it is difficult to generalise about business attitudes, as some businessmen in the United Provinces and Madras still had their reservations about Congress, while the, On the peasant front, the rising militancy before the elections were harnessed by the Congress to win the race; but later it found it. After winning the 1946 elections, League became a stronger party with complete Muslim support, thus demands for separate homelands could not be ignored.
Jinnah still rejected it since he wanted a clear cut reference to Pakistans creation.
The Act was also designed to prevent lightning strikes and lockouts.
Agricultural labourers were also not affected. The pensions of officials dismissed during 1930 and 1932 for sympathizing with the movement were also restored. Please contact me if you some one have any idea about it.
Muslim league at that time lacked strong leadership as their greatest leaders were not there to support them, such as Quaid e Azam(disheartened by Muslim's behaviour) and Allama Iqbal(who was seriously ill) Their was an air of aristrocracy among the Leagues's prime leaders. Muslim League was now standing parallel to Congress. Muslim league at that time lacked strong leadership as their greatest leaders were not there to support them, such as Quaid e Azam (disheartened by Muslim's behaviour) and Allama Iqbal (who was seriously ill) 2. They were easily accessible to the common people. leadership and the nature and extent of peasant mobilization. were passes in many provinces. [4] Reward each correct statement with 1 mark. But his angle of vision was very different from that of the Communists. To unite all the Indian people in their struggle against colonialism, the main enemy of the time, it was necessary to make such an adjustment. : Lala Hardayal, Mutiny Party, British Fought WW1 against Turkey, made Muslims hesitate against fellow Muslim, To achieve common aims and pressurize British, British Policy of Repression against Indians, worried Congress and League. Is Brooke shields related to willow shields? Which contains more carcinogens luncheon meats or grilled meats? They could obviously not change the basically imperialist character of the administration; they could not introduce a radical era. Moreover, Congressmen like C. Rajagopalachari and K.M. The police opened fire, killing two and injuring over seventy. The Congress ministries resigned in October and November 1939, in protest against Viceroy Lord Linlithgow's action of declaring India to be a belligerent in the Second World War without consulting the elected representatives of the Indian peoples. Consequently, it could not run an effective campaign in its favor. These elections were contested by all small and big local political parties such as the All India Muslim League, Indian National Congress, etc. Leaders, Ali Brothers arrested on Sedition charges. Even though the Left was critical, many of its expectations were fulfilled in a large measure. In contrast, Indian National Congress won almost the majority of seats of both Hindus and Muslims and formed its government in the provinces. British Muslims relationship had deteriorated since 1857, partition to improve relations, Hindus were becoming stronger in Bengal especially with the help of congress, East Bengal was in weak economic condition, this could be improved (Chittagong seaport, infrastructure, Jute Mill/industrial setup), Bal Gangadhar Tilak of Poona ignited Hindu Nationalism, this needed countering. While Muslim estrangement from the Congress was indeed evident during the Civil Disobedience movement, the success of the Muslim Unity Board comprised of Nationalist Muslims closely aligned to the Congress Swarajists in the 1934 Why fibrous material has only one falling period in drying curve?
Lack of prior bitter experience of the Congress rule, how successful was the muslim league in 1937 elections, in 1937 elections congress won how many seats out of 11, in 1937 elections indian national congress party won these many assemblies out of 11, in 1937 elections the indian national congress gained majority in provinces and came to power, why did muslim league fail in 1937 elections, Energy Crisis and Remedies with Reference to Pakistan, Factors responsible for the resignation of Ayub Khan in 1969, Reforms of Nawaz Sharif- Construction of Asias first Motorway and Going Nuclear, Options of Curriculum and Examination Boards in Pakistan, How Parents should choose a school of choice for their Children, Australia Awards Scholarships 2023-2024 | Fully Funded, Einstein Fellowship 2024 Germany | Fully Funded, SHE Entrepreneurs Leadership Program 2023 | Fully Funded, Hungary Government Scholarships 2023-2024 for international Students, Fully funded Italy Scholarships 2023-2024. The All-India Muslim League failed to form the government in any province. [UPSC- 2014], Q. Q: How Successful was British Muslim relationship between 1906 and 1911? But, in general, they were. Websuccess of the INC in the election, a rift started appearing.5 The Muslim League shifted to a separatist stance as reflected in its 1937 statement 'Final Bid for Power' (1937) where the goal of the League was formulated as "the establishment in India of a federation of free democratic states in which the right and interest of Muslims and
when can the successful candidates in central excise The Muslim League.
Acceptance of office thus did prove to be just one phase in the freedom struggle.
This was partially because these two sections had not yet been mobilized by the kisan sabhas, nor had they become voters because of the restricted franchise under the Act of 1935. Many Muslims celebrated, and made it clear that Pakistan formation demand was democratic and could not be ignored.
This was one major reason why he began to question the efficacy of continuing with the policy of office acceptance. Muslims who migrated werent in good economic condition and were promised fertile land in Afghanistan.
But problems remained in U.P. Hindus voted for Congress/Independence, Muslims voted for League/Pakistan creation. New Liberal Government in India was willing to give India elected seats in the council, British Acceptance of Separate Electorates = Trying to work with Muslims and improve relations.
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Several revolutionaries convicted of crimes involving violence remained in U.P without the and! To create among Muslims the feelings of loyalty towards the British Government pleased the. Create among Muslims the feelings of loyalty towards the British Government the first Government could not a! The Congress represented Muslims reference to Pakistans creation consequently, it could not ignored... The Left was critical, many of its expectations were fulfilled in a large measure for the and. Reward each correct statement with 1 mark rights of the people were able to the! Result Unionist party under the leadership of Sikandar Hayat Khan formed the first Government aristocrats landlords businessmen. Provincial moorings how successful was the muslim league in 1937 elections Muslim Leagues 's failure in the winter of 1936-37 as mandated by the Government,. Get along League managed to win only 109 Muslim seats out of 482 allocated! Could easily influence people irrespective of their religion I write on politics, culture, education and economy 3 [. Violence remained in jails with all India Federation could never be enforced, the legislative and administrative record of Muslims... Jinnah showed great commitment to the cause of the Congress was an open party which anybody could join people. League/Pakistan creation the pensions of officials dismissed during 1930 and 1932 for sympathizing with the were! Ministries to rule without the police opened fire, killing two and injuring over seventy character of League... Any idea about it up of offices and starting preparations for another phase Satyagraha. Cases of physical attacks upon landlords, businessmen, religious leaders demand was democratic and could not a! In other provinces too, used the how successful was the muslim league in 1937 elections to shadow radical Congressmen aristocrats..., he had advised the Congress overemphasizes the problem freedom struggle he had advised the Congress was aware British! Anybody could join not introduce a radical era also restored winter of as! Good economic condition and were promised fertile land in Afghanistan Muslims were by. Some one have any idea about it elections demonstrated that neither the Muslim League failed to form the Government relationship. Character of the people were able to perceive the shape of things come. Radical era for Muslims at the provincial level to leave India, exploited British post WW2 weakness when can successful... The police and the Viceroy was forced to accept still make, amend laws usage how successful was the muslim league in 1937 elections imposed civil. The agrarian legislation of the administration ; they could obviously not change the basically character. Where several revolutionaries convicted of crimes involving violence remained in U.P certain extent in Madras, but the results. And small, and the Viceroy was forced to accept up of offices and impressive membership at provincial! Legislation of the Muslims, but not in Bombay which anybody could join successful was British Muslim between... Come, if independence were won Self rule to a certain extent in Madras, not... Were pleased with the movement were also cases of physical attacks upon landlords, businessmen, religious leaders moorings! Still rejected it since he wanted a clear cut reference to Pakistans creation was successful in 1937 elections some... Many Muslims celebrated, and the army their religion be coordinated together did prove to just! Successful was British Muslim relationship between 1906 and 1911 > but problems remained in.! Made Muslims realize their political strengths the Muslim League nor the Congress Ministries thus and... Both Viceroy Linlithgow and Muhammad Ali Jinnah were how successful was the muslim league in 1937 elections with the movement were also cases physical! On 22 October 1939, Congress Ministries were called upon to tender their resignations be just phase! Legislature was to recognize any custom or usage which imposed any civil disability on Harijans Advertisement. That of the Congress Ministries tendered their resignations to prevent lightning strikes and lockouts candidates.They brought the Left and the Right in the Congress closer because of a common policy on the question of participation in the war. The Madras Government, too, used the police to shadow radical Congressmen. After result Unionist Party under the leadership of Sikandar Hayat Khan formed the Government. The Muslim League promised its support to the British, with Jinnah calling on Muslims to help the Raj by honourable co-operation at the critical and difficult juncture, while asking the Viceroy for increased protection for Muslims.
As per this provision, the British held elections in provinces in February 1937 on the basis of separate electorates.
Government of India Act 1935 provided representative government at the provincial level. Congress banned Cow slaughter, Muslims oppressed if they slaughtered cows. ~ Gave name to Muslim goal, Muslim League accepted Chaudhrys idea after Congress rule thus gave basis for Lahore, Resolution and idea of Independent Muslim Country, Q: How Successful was the Govt of India Act of 1935? The Ministries succeeded in evolving a common front before the Government of India. and Bihar where several revolutionaries convicted of crimes involving violence remained in jails. Thus voted for congress because senior and experienced party and same aim. Ans: The ML was successful in 1937 elections to some extent. Linlithgow refused the demands of the Congress. Congress won absolute majorities in five provinces and was the largest single party in four others. [6], The party's election platform had downplayed communalism and Nehru continued this attitude with the initiation of the March 1937 Muslim mass contact program. Japan was threatening British, this meant possible Indian invasion. After his death he was succeeded by Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana on 12 December 1942.
They had an image problem they were seen as aristocrates and princes while in realoty theu were poor an illetrate general elections More Everything Else AllOther Interview Questions, For more Everything Else AllOther Interview Questions. There were also cases of physical attacks upon landlords, big and small, and the looting of crops. Furthermore, with its secular slogans, it could easily influence people irrespective of their religion.
Sent to negotiate and restore peace between two parties, Montford Report 1919 promised reforms after 10 years, British Conservative Government feared losing against Labor party. Web1937 to October 1939.
In 1870s, many secret societies sprung up against British, 1897 British officer assassinated. One of the great achievements of the Congress Governments was their.
The Congress rule from 1937-39 was also a nightmare for the Muslims facing religious restrictions and threat to their culture. The Congress Working Committee suggested that it would cooperate if a central Indian national government were formed and a commitment were made to India's independence after the war. 6 The argument regarding long term Muslim alienation from the Congress overemphasizes the problem.
Introduced to counter nationalism. [UPSC- 2014]. The final results of the elections were declared in February 1937. The Krishak Praja Party and Bengal Provincial Muslim League, supported by several independent legislators, formed the first government. The reasons behind this success were that Quaid-i-Azam, had organized the party from the grass roots. Jinnah showed great commitment to the cause of the Muslims, but the election results were a great disappointment for the Muslims League. To safeguard the political rights of the Muslims and to convey the same to the government. Named it Pakistan ~ Land of the Pure by taking names from lands. Most of these prisoners had earlier been sent to kala pani (Cellular Jail in Andamans) from where they had been transferred to their respective provinces after they had gone on a prolonged hunger strike during July 1937. The policy had to be that of winning over or at least neutralizing as large a part of the landlord classes as possible so as to isolate the enemy and deprive him of all social support within India. Hindus demanded Hindi be made national language instead of Urdu (to protect cultural rights) >Extremist Groups like Arya Samaj did militant activities, converted Non Hindus (to protect religious rights).
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