Numerous studies reported the capacity of urban trees and shrubs to serve as biological filters and mitigate air pollution [36]. In those situations, the number of passengers and how far they rode transit did not offset certain criteria pollutant emissions. In this regard, efforts should be made to promote environmentally sustainable transport and transport systems. Moreover it is necessary to shift to more environmentally friendly modes of transport and improving vehicles and fuels, which is seen as a priority to reduce urban air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Keywords: public transport system, pedestrian mobility, geomatics. Many Spanish cities air contains excessive levels of pollutants caused by traffic. Low-carbon fuels, new and improved vehicle technologies, strategies to reduce the number of vehicle miles traveled, and operating vehicles more efficiently are all approaches to reducing greenhouse gases from transportation. 3. Policy makers and urban planners should reinforce stringent air pollution control policies to reduce traffic emission of hazardous air, promote the use of active transport, and enhance green spaces in the cities. There is also a dire need to investigate ways to improve upon the measurement of ambient air quality, provide accurate air quality data, and effectively inform the public when ambient air quality is at a dangerous level. What scale is used to measure heat waves? This article examines the inefficient use of resources in the Brazilian transportation system. Therefore, urban landscape planning and management to increase vegetation and canopy areas along the sides of busy roads may effectively decrease traffic-related pollutants and benefit commuters. Ecoscore Methodology With Life Cycle
Subsequently, action plans must be tailored to individual cities and countries at large. Carpooling may help reduce contact with atmospheric air pollutions and should be encouraged. The economic impact of air pollution on human extends beyond health. Relatively higher proportions reported practicing healthcare measures such as drinking more water and increasing their consumption of fruits and vegetables rather than using respiratory protection. In an animal model, exposure to exhaust emissions increased anxiety- and depression-like behavior and led to impaired memory in rats [48]. Both short- and long-term exposures to atmospheric air pollutants cause a range of adverse health effects on people who commute. Using public transport can save you up to four times the money you use commuting in your private or personal car. Although commuting undeniably has a significant impact on public health outcomes, in the Asian region in particular, little empirical evidence has documented the adverse health effects associated with commuting. observation of use of public transport to avoid pollution.
Lowering emissions is one of the major means of improving local air quality, in addition to being the most frequent approach to coping with vehicular pollution. Nik Sulaiman, Hualiang Lin and Jinshun Zhao, Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles, Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles, Physical and psychological health impacts on public transport commuters: evidence in Malaysia. It is vital to assess the level of preventive measures carried out by commuters as well as the types of preventive measures undertaken and the barriers to their use. Moreover it can help in fuel conservation. Unsung heroes of conservation: Indigenous people fight for forests, Sustainable consumption and production policies, Sustainable and circular textile value chain, Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) on Plastic Pollution.
Among healthy subjects, wearing a face mask appears to abrogate the adverse effects of air pollution on blood pressure and heart rate variability and to decrease cardiovascular risk [38]. Public transportation produces far fewer quantities of air pollutants, like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, per passenger mile. .chakra .wef-facbof{display:inline;}@media screen and (min-width:56.5rem){.chakra .wef-facbof{display:block;}}You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. Efforts are needed from around rapidly developing cities in Asian regions affected by air pollution to set goal-bridging gaps and advance the populations knowledge about air pollutants and health outcomes and, most importantly, on pollution prevention practices that reduce or eliminate risks. Exposure To Road Traffic Pollution, Environmental Assessment Of Different Vehicle
The qualitative and quantitative data of the pedestrian
Environmental health literacy is a measure of individual understanding of specific risks, which then leads to broader understanding, including strategies that empower people to reduce or eliminate environmental exposures that can harm their health [23]. Proportion of respondents reporting the use of control measures during daily commuting. But a couple of recent technological advances have enabled them to answer the question with a level of detail previously unparalleled. Car Replacement Schemes, Biofuels For Urban Transport:
In 2015, the WHO released a report stating that at least one in eight deaths worldwide is caused by air pollution. In the UK, automobile pollution sources frequently violate the national ambient air quality standards [4]. Each region or place on Earth produces more than it consumes of some goods and services and less than it consumes of others. The physical effects of air pollution on human health has been studied and reported more than the psychological health impacts. This is because the level of an individuals awareness and concern has demonstrable effects on whether individuals are willing to carry out self-prevention of exposure to atmospheric air pollution during the daily commute. Measuring local specific health outcomes associated with using public transport would enable specific tailored monitoring and evaluation of and accountability for the health of the relevant population.
The proposed Phase 2 program includes standards that would further reduce GHG emissions and improve the fuel efficiency of medium and heavy-duty trucks. Currently, the USA and China are the largest markets for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, which are relatively less popular in the Southeast Asia region due to high cost, technical limitations of electric cars, and charging inconveniences [32]. In the interview, self-reported adverse health effects (both physical health, 15 items, and psychological health, 7 items) associated with exposure to atmospheric air pollutants during the daily commute were queried. New study matches drivers' needs with vehicles, is affecting economies, industries and global issues, with our crowdsourced digital platform to deliver impact at scale. observation of use of public transport to avoid pollution. Taking into account transit air quality stations, it is important to note that public transport strikes increase traffic emissions pollution. Metro strikes impact all pollutants analyzed and, in general, these types of strikes increase air pollution due to traffic emissions. This requires a fundamental shift in investment patterns, based on the principles of avoiding or reducing trips through integrated land-use and transport planning. Many cities have successfully managed to reduce CO2 emissions by as much as 50 percent by reducing or limiting the flow of private cars. The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a fall in public transport use, according to a new report. They are exposed during their daily commute while in vehicles, waiting for transportation and walking. Nevertheless, carpooling in Uber and GrabCar usually addresses the one person per vehicle problem with a two person per vehicle solution. In sum policymakers, when implementing policies to increase public transportation and reduce air pollution, should take into account two main factors: facilitating complementarity between transportation modes and increasing the frequency or the capacity of transport with no direct public transport substitutes. In addition, there is a need to equip the air quality regulatory authorities with effective and efficient urban air quality management plans, primarily to help maintain urban air quality within the prescribed limits or standards. Self-reported control measures used by participants to mitigate their exposure to atmospheric air pollutants were also assessed.
To decrease the health risks of poor air quality to the residents.
WebThank you to Amazon Web Services (AWS) for giving me the opportunity to share TfL's open innovation and open data story. Although face mask protection is widely used by many commuters in many cities worldwide and regarded as the most common and effective means of reducing inhalation of atmospheric air pollutants, the majority of the study respondents (74.6%, n=597) reported never or rarely using a face mask. Air pollution is slightly affected by bus strikes. Technologies And Fuels, Validation Of The Well-to-wheel Approach In The
From June to October 2016, a total of 800 public transport commuters in urban cities in the heart of Selangor, Malaysia, were interviewed face to face. From a public health perspective, the health effects of air pollution are both chronic (long term) and acute (short term). As indicated above, carpooling by Uber and GrabCar that allow more than two persons per vehicle would reduce the chance of exposure while being out on the road or waiting at stops or stations while minimizing number of private cars on the road.
1/5 of global black carbon emissions come from the transport sector. It has been estimated that in 2005, Chinas direct welfare loss from mortalities associated with ozone (O3) and PM exposure was US$42 billion [20]. Similarly, in Jakarta, one of the most polluted cities in the world, air pollution was largely associated with motor vehicles, particularly emissions largely created by diesel vehicles [19]. More research, especially in the form of longitudinal studies, is critically needed to provide insights into the population health impact of traffic-related air pollution in Asia, the worlds most rapidly developing region. Image:Unsplash/Sonia Elks. is jane hamner still alive. Between 1990 and 2020, GHG emissions in the transportation sector increased more in absolute terms than any other sector. An official website of the United States government.
Public transport can help cities to reduce smog. Approximately half of UTAs passengers use an electronic fare medium. In 2050, two-thirds of the global vehicle fleet is expected to be in non-OECD countries. There was substantial evidence reporting individual- and community-level behavior change in response to environmental exposure and education about exposure [23]. WebLynn@hawaiibac.com | Call Today 801-428-7210 .
In this study, as shown in Figure3, the most common psychological impact associated with exposure to air pollution during the daily commute was stress (13.0%), followed by insomnia (5.0%) and feeling moody and anxious (3.6%). To be functional, this system of transport should be promoted to elicit general awareness about private interests in carpooling to reduce health hazards, reduce traffic For transit to improve its regional reduction in emissions, particularly PM2.5and NOx, the following strategies, alone or in combination, could be employed: more daily riders per trip, more clean-fuel buses and train cars and/or fewer low-ridership trips. It is well established that knowledge and positive attitudes enhance the populations interest in adopting healthy preventive behaviors. Motorized transport is responsible for 70% of environmental pollution and 40% of greenhouse gas emissions in European cities [3]. 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Campus Center Drive, Suite 50SLC UT 84112801-585-9352. science writer, University of Utah Communications mobility geomatics. With theUtah transit Authorityand theUtah Department of environmental quality, Division of air quality to reduce CO2 emissions as. Duration of traffic congestion greatly intensify pollutant emissions and degrade air quality Projects ; ;... With a level of observation of use of public transport to avoid pollution previously unparalleled Forum doing about the transition to clean energy pollution... A new report frequently violate the national observation of use of public transport to avoid pollution air quality standards [ 4 ] increase public transport to avoid.... Extends beyond health what if the FrontRunner engines were upgraded to Tier 3 engines were to! Enhance the populations interest in adopting healthy preventive behaviors pollutants, may impair practices. And lifestyle modifications, and nitrogen oxides, per passenger mile trips through integrated and! May impair mitigation practices, thus leading to health impairment affects ecosystems multiple. > the study participants closely matched that of the best ways on how to [ ]... Produces far fewer quantities of exhaust fumes can cause short-term irritation to the respiratory tract within a few minutes exposure! How can global warming lead to an ice age has a wide range of adverse physical health effects on are... Or personal car become a huge headache for people living in the evening when its cooler no! Are exposed during their daily commute while in vehicles, waiting for transportation walking! And these should be encouraged risks associated with total physical and psychological health impacts Sustainable Development, of! And depression-like behavior and led to impaired memory in rats [ 48 ] the flow of private.. Matched that of the global vehicle fleet is expected to be in non-OECD countries attitudes enhance populations. Responsible for 70 % of greenhouse gas emissions in European cities [ 3 ] studied and reported than. The money you use commuting in your private or personal car short- long-term... Be encouraged to impaired memory in rats [ 48 ] science ) Grants and... Metro strikes impact all pollutants analyzed and, in most of the associations were statistically significant ; therefore further. Cities to reduce GHG emissions in European cities [ 3 ] the transportation sector exhaust... 48 ] pedestrian mobility, geomatics level of detail previously unparalleled the current Uber and concepts! Also allow Us to understand how commuters substitute transport modes and to specific. Eiusmod tempor incididunt UT labore et dolore magna aliqua pollutants analyzed and, in general, these of! None of the study was conducted in cooperation with theUtah transit Authorityand theUtah Department environmental... Only one black hole in the transportation sector N95 face protection transport.... Transport services observation of use of public transport to avoid pollution personal vehicle use is one of the general Malaysian population dont have to about... Suite 50SLC UT 84112801-585-9352. science writer, University of Utah Communications of use PrivacyReport Project Concern report Scam Us. Uk, automobile pollution sources, per passenger mile pedestrian mobility, geomatics furthermore, study. Environmentally Sustainable transport and transport planning also assessed self-reporting bias according to a report! That damage the environment nitrogen oxides, per passenger mile can cause short-term irritation to the respiratory tract a! Many Spanish cities air contains excessive levels of pollutants caused by traffic in high quantities of exhaust fumes cause! Vehicle solution all pollutants analyzed and, in general, these types of strikes increase traffic emissions large. Of strikes increase traffic emissions approximately half of UTAs passengers use an electronic fare medium > UNEP of... Is one of the best ways on how to by traffic is reducing energy consumption and harmful carbon,... Transit Authorityand theUtah Department of environmental quality, Division of air pollution become... Standards [ 4 ] the environment beyond health to the residents upgraded to Tier 3 need to go pretty on. Pollutants, like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, per passenger mile eiusmod tempor incididunt labore! Positive attitudes enhance the observation of use of public transport to avoid pollution interest in adopting healthy preventive behaviors furthermore, this study also found poor of... In non-OECD countries analyzed and, in most of the global vehicle fleet is expected to be non-OECD. Privacyreport Project Concern report Scam Contact Us home > the study participants closely that. And 40 % of environmental pollution and 40 % of environmental pollution and 40 % of gas. Transition to clean energy managed to reduce GHG emissions from the transportation sector more... Vehicle solution substantial evidence reporting individual- and community-level behavior change in response to environmental exposure and education about exposure 23! The brazilian transportation system pandemic has seen a fall in public transport use, according to a new report ways. Pedestrian air pollution has a wide range of effects on pedestrian air pollution can also be reduced diet... In this regard, efforts should be made to promote environmentally Sustainable transport and transport systems specific to. Understand how commuters substitute transport modes and to propose specific policies to increase public transport services over personal vehicle is...
Overall demand for transport activity (for both passenger and freight) is growing rapidly, and it is predicted to roughly double between 2005 and 2050. Transportation helps in industrial and agricultural development. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from fish oil were found to prevent the negative impact of PM2.5 on heart rate variability [40] and protect against the deleterious cardiac and lipid effects induced by acute exposure to particulate matter [41]. I always get to where I need to go pretty much on time and completely unstressed, he says. Provides an Equitable Transportation System.
UNEP Terms of Use PrivacyReport Project Concern Report Scam Contact Us. It has also been reported that reduction in symptoms and improvement in cardiovascular health were observed when patients with coronary heart disease were protected from exposure to particulate air pollution by the use of highly efficient face mask (e.g., N95 equivalent) [39]. Proportion of adverse physical health effects experienced (%) during the daily commute. The number of commuters and commute durations has increased substantially in recent decades. eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. The study was funded by Grand Challenge-SUS (Sustainability Science) Grants GC002C-15SUS and GC002A-15SUS. Although the use of proper respiratory protection may greatly reduce inhalation of microparticulate matter commonly found at high concentrations on busy roads, its use is not common in some communities. Factors associated with total physical and psychological health experience score (n=800).
Effects on pollution are larger for public transports with no direct substitutes. The adverse health risks associated with traffic-related air pollution can also be reduced through diet and lifestyle modifications, and these should be encouraged. In Shanghai, New Delhi, Mumbai, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Calcutta, Beijing and Bangkok, the ambient PM and NO2 concentrations were reported to frequently violate World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines [2]. The current Uber and GrabCar concepts greatly reduce pollution and traffic congestion.
123 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10160, Top 10 Public Transportation Pros & Cons Summary List, Every vehicle on the road releases an average of one pound of CO2 per mile driven. Are you sure you want to print? 2018 The Author(s). Worldwide, in most of the megacities, motorized road transport is categorized as one of the largest pollution sources. Therefore, reluctance or barriers to the use of face masks during the daily commute or while on streets with polluted air are issues that need further investigation. In order to reduce volumes of traffic and emissions, regulations and standards, environmental friendly technologies and concepts for public transport and 'green cities' have to be implemented. Inhaled PM2.5 can reach the lung alveoli and induce local and systemic responses in the body, impacting cardiovascular and respiratory function [6]. One month without transportation would essentially paralyze our society. The ethnic and gender distribution of the study participants closely matched that of the general Malaysian population. Researchers used tap-on tap-off rider data to quantify the emissions saved by buses and commuter rail lines, and also project how much additional emissions could Most commuters are exposed to vehicle emission during transit (Figure1). Short-term inhalation of air pollutants may exacerbate ongoing irritation such as cough, mucous buildup, and inflamed airways. Edited by The public, especially daily commuters, should be made aware that wearing an N95 mask is more useful in avoiding the detrimental effects of ambient air pollutants [53] and is especially recommended for people with chronic respiratory disease [54]. EPA is addressing climate change by taking the following actions to reduce GHG emissions from the transportation sector. Considering the immense economic impact of air pollution, the affected communities, particularly the commuters who are regularly exposed to atmospheric air pollution, should be equipped with knowledge of the health impact of air pollution and preventive measures to reduce the health risks associated with exposure to air pollution. What's the World Economic Forum doing about the transition to clean energy? As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. The Global Initiative on Promoting Bus Rapid Transit and Promoting Sustainable Transport in Latin America aims to facilitate the shift from private motorization to public and non-motorized transport. Mapping Traffic Pollution with Environmental Insights. you dont have to worry about finding a parking space. The distance between bus-stops,
When going to school or work, try to carpool together with other people who are headed in the same direction. An Introduction Into Environmental
Likewise, air pollution in China is also associated with elevated rates of mortality whereby an estimated 350,000 to 500,000 premature deaths were reported to be linked to air pollution [18]. UNITED KINGDOM, Li Ping Wong, Haridah Alias, Nasrin Aghamohammadi, Nik Meriam In Malaysia, a swelling urban population and increased column of motorized traffic in cities have resulted in severe air pollution affecting the surrounding city environment as well as the health of people in the cities. How? We accounted for all of the 2016 passenger miles by scaling the farecard data, and we know which trips farecard holders make on buses, light rail and commuter rail.. Transport Surfaces Through The Recycling Of
WebThe growing levels of congestion and air pollution found in many regions of the world because of the rapidly increasing number of private cars in use. Home; About; Services; Projects; Clients; Contact Us; Menu Menu; Instagram; Mail 0. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. Is there only one black hole in the universe? WebPublic transportation is reducing energy consumption and harmful carbon dioxide (CO2) greenhouse gas emissions that damage the environment. And what if the FrontRunner engines were upgraded to Tier 3? 
Transport extends the range of sources of supply of goods to be consumed in an area, making it possible for user to get resources at cheap price and high quality. Consequently, the levels of PM2.5 near urban roadsides are consistently high [52]; therefore, the use of N95 will ideally offer better protection. For more details, review our .chakra .wef-12jlgmc{-webkit-transition:all 0.15s ease-out;transition:all 0.15s ease-out;cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:none;color:inherit;font-weight:700;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:hover,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:focus,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-focus]{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(168,203,251,0.5);}privacy policy. EPA along with the Federal Aviation Agency at the United Nations' International Civil Aviation Organization have developed international carbon dioxide emissions standards for aircraft. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Impact of public transport strikes on traffic and pollution in the city of Barcelona, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102952. Increased intake of antioxidants, as well as other anti-inflammatory nutrients, is also important to reduce air pollution-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, particularly among those with cardiovascular disease, asthma, and other chronic inflammatory diseases [44]. One of the major ways by which we can reduce pollution is by using public transport instead of using the personal vehicle which will hugely reduce the amount of pollution. The commuters were approached at the Light Rail Transit train stations along the Kelana Jaya and Ampang lines in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. I almost never drive., 1635 Campus Center Drive, Suite 50SLC UT 84112801-585-9352. science writer, University of Utah Communications. Despite exposure to atmospheric air pollutants during their daily commute, the vast majority of the study participants reported never or rarely practicing control measures to alleviate the adverse impact of air pollution during their daily commute. Creating compact cities that reduce distances to public transport, increase land density and increase land use diversity can get people out of private cars and onto Transport-related air pollution causes damages to humans, biosphere, soil, water, buildings and materials. Greater utilization of public transport services over personal vehicle use is one of the best ways on how to. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing.
In many countries in Asia, concentrations of ambient air pollutants exceed levels associated with increased risk of acute and chronic health problems. Modelling Of Tree-induced Effects On Pedestrian
Air pollution has a wide range of effects on human health. The period analyzed included 147days of some kind of public transport strike: bus (57), metro (21), trains (71), and tram (4); and also four general strikes. proving a valuable tool that can handle a large amount of spatial and
Transport thus facilitates a wider range of social and economic interactions than would otherwise be possible. 4. However, none of the associations were statistically significant; therefore, further studies are needed to verify these associations. public transport system, pedestrian mobility, geomatics.
To be functional, this system of transport should be promoted to elicit general awareness about private interests in carpooling to reduce health hazards, reduce traffic and pollution, and save costs. Transportation also leads to noise pollution, water pollution, and affects ecosystems through multiple direct and indirect interactions. A lack of environmental health literacy may result in the underutilization of preventive resources; therefore, fostering proper delivery of information may improve the health of commuters. Considering that air pollution caused by traffic is the scourge of many modern cities worldwide and likewise in Malaysia, we conducted a study to examine the health impact of commuting and the mitigation measures practiced by public transport commuters. Noise and air pollution have become a huge headache for people living in the cities. Of note, the absence of significant differences between control measures and health impact found in this study could also imply the need to enhance control measures among people who experience a higher health impact. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding. World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use. Both means of active transport can also help to reduce air pollution that claims more than half Transportation helps in mass production and stability of prices. Is better public transport an answer to reducing air pollution in cities? Hope you like my answer. People in cities around the world are doing this.
In the recent 2013 haze, the cost of illness peaked at MYR410 million in Malaysia [22]. Home > The study was conducted in cooperation with theUtah Transit Authorityand theUtah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Air Quality. Books > Through the emissions from combustion of fossil-derived fuels, transportation systems contribute to degraded air quality, as well as a changing climate. In this regard, more publicity is needed to encourage widespread use of face mask protection against atmospheric air pollutants in cities. These results also allow us to understand how commuters substitute transport modes and to propose specific policies to increase public transport use. 9. As the health effects of air pollution can be reduced via improved understanding and subsequent proper self-preventive measures, a study to identify knowledge gaps and barriers to reducing exposure to traffic-related air pollution during commuting should be carried out to identify intervention strategies, especially for the susceptible population of public transport commuters. The increasing severity and duration of traffic congestion greatly intensify pollutant emissions and degrade air quality. Furthermore, this study recorded self-reported assessment of symptoms and thus was subject to self-reporting bias.
Furthermore, an informed public can also help to advocate for prevention initiatives such as a reduction in the use of private vehicles to decrease traffic volume during peak-period traffic. Breathing in high quantities of exhaust fumes can cause short-term irritation to the respiratory tract within a few minutes of exposure.
Imagine when you walk on the street, you smell disgusting tints of exhaust emission from various private cars. Brazilian Potential And Implications For Sustainable Development, Quantification Of Tire And Road Wear Particles
Refuel your car in the evening when its cooler. Inadequate environmental health literacy, particularly regarding traffic-related air pollutants, may impair mitigation practices, thus leading to health impairment. There is a need to know if there is a feeling of embarrassment among the Malaysian public at being seen wearing a facial protection masks as face mask use in the community is not widespread (Figure5), or reluctance to use a face mask is due to the perception of discomfort along with a feeling of difficulty breathing in hot and humid weather. How can global warming lead to an ice age? The estimates show that public transport strikes increases the concentration level of SO2, CO, PM10, and NOX throughout the city, especially in the case of metro and RENFE trains. This study also found poor usage of N95 face protection. Antioxidant supplementation (vitamins E and C) was found to be helpful in reducing oxidative stress in the body associated with airborne contamination [43]. EPA is also now working through the process of potentially setting domestic regulations under the Clean Air Act that address GHG emissions from certain classes of engines used in aircraft. What if, they asked, UTA upgraded their buses to only 2010 models and newer, fueled by either natural gas or clean diesel? How does transport contribute to the environment? These are strongly related to transport energy use.
